[Prolonged spinal and sacral neurostimulation in children with pelvic organ dysfunction: preliminary analysis]. / Dlitel'naya spinal'naya i sakral'naya neirostimulyatsiya u detei pri narusheniyakh funktsii tazovykh organov: predvaritel'nyi analiz.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of long-term spinal and sacral programmable neurostimulation for pelvic organ dysfunction in patients with myelodysplasia and chronic dysfunction of the bladder and rectum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study included 32 children aged 1-17 years (mean 10.7) with myelodysplasia, pelvic organ dysfunction and ineffective therapy including botulinum therapy and exclusion of tethered spinal cord syndrome. All children underwent comprehensive urodynamic examination with analysis of bladder and residual urine volume, mean flow rate, intravesical pressure and total urine volume, as well as electromyographic examination. Examination was carried out before surgery, after 6, 12 and 36 months. We applied urinary diary, NBSS questionnaire and urodynamic examination data. All patients underwent neurological examinations (neurological status, magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord, computed tomography and radiography of the spine, electroneuromyography). The study was conducted at the neurosurgical department of the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital in Ufa between 2014 and 2022. There were 32 implantations of epidural neurostimulators for pelvic organ dysfunctions. RESULTS: Patients used epidural spinal and sacral stimulation up to 6 times a day for 10-15 min turning on the pulse generator. This method significantly increased urinary volume, decreased episodes of urinary leakage and fecal incontinence, residual volume after urination and number of periodic catheterizations compared to baseline data. Sixteen patients were very satisfied, 10 ones were moderately satisfied, and 2 patients were not satisfied with therapy. The number of bladder catheterizations per day decreased by 51.1%. Urine volume significantly increased from 131.5±16.1 to 236±16.7 ml, intravesical pressure decreased from 23.5±4.2 to 18.5±2.1 cm H2O (by 20.3%). CONCLUSION: Chronic epidural spinal and sacral stimulation can improve the quality of life in patients with pelvic organ dysfunction. This technique may be effective for pelvic organ dysfunction caused by myelodysplasia.

[Effect of nitrogen sources on cellulase biosynthesis by a mutant strain of Trichoderma viride 44]. / Vliianie istochnikov azota na biosintez tselliulazy mutantnym shtammom Trichoderma viride 44.

The effect of various nitrogen sources on cellulase biosynthesis by the mutant strain Trichoderma viride 44 was examined. This strain may utilized nitrogen in the nitrate, ammonium of organic form. When cultivating this strain, it appears advantageous to add to the nutrient medium yeast and yeast lyzates as well as their mixture with ammonium sulfate. Cellulase reached its maximum activity of 20.2, 21.5 and 23.2 mu/ml when grown on the medium containing ammonium phosphate, peptone and brewing yeast plus ammonium sulfate, respectively. It is useful to apply nitrogen in its organic forms in small quantities and in combination with mineral forms. The nitrogen presence in the medium is necessary only at the exponential stage of fungal growth. The lack of nitrogen in the stationary stage characterized by the maximum cellulase formation does not inhibit an increase in the enzyme activity.

[Selection of Trichoderma viride, a producer of cellulase]. / Selektsiia Trichoderma viride--produtsenta tselliulazy.

A mutant strain of Trichoderma viride producing cellulase has been obtained as a result of three-stage selection using chemical and physical factors. New variants with modified characteristics appeared after the action of nitroso compounds on a suspension of conidia at the first stage of selection and the action of temperature at the second stage. The new characteristics were intensified and became stable at the third stage of selection. The experimental mutagenesis yielded an active an active mutant of Trichoderma viride 44 which synthesized cellulase (up to 22 units/ml) four times better than the parent culture Trichoderma viride F-57.

[Preparation and properties of acid proteinase from Aspergillus awamori]. / Preparat kisloi proteinazy Aspergillus awamori i nekotorye ee svoistva.

From the culture liquid filtrate of Aspergillus awamori 78-2 a preparation of acid proteinase was isolated and its properties were described. This producer was shown to have a peculiar capacity of synthesizing under submerged conditions extracellular acid proteinase as the sole proteolytic enzyme. The preparation of acid proteinase showed a comparatively high hydrolyzing capacity. Under optimal conditions the enzyme degraded hemoglobin and albumin almost completely. The possibility of purifying and concentrating acid proteinase on the ion-exchange resin KB 51 X 2 was explored.

[Production of mutants with an increased alpha-amylase synthesis]. / Poluchenie mutantov s povyshennym sintezom al'fa-amilazy.

A mutant characterized by elevated biosynthesis of alpha-amylase was obtained as a result of a three-stage induced selection using nitroso compounds. Changes of mutagens in the course of selection stages and the establishment of their effective doses causing the maximum accumulation of mutations yielded the mutant which produced 2.5 times more alpha-amylase than the parent strain of Aspergillus oryzae 762. The induced variability of the mutant can be registered on a solid growth medium and provides the high activity of alpha-amylase.

[Study of lytic enzymes and prospects of their use]. / Issledovanie liticheskikh fermentov i perspektiby ikh ispol'zovaniia.

The paper reviews different procedures of preparation of lytic enzymes of microbiol origin, their properties and areas of application. It discusses the capacity of different microorganisms, actinomycetes and bacteria including (for instance, Actinomyces griseinus 11 and Bacillus subtilis 12), to produce lytic enzymes. The paper describes the conditions of disruption of yeast cells by lytic enzymes and demonstrates experimentally possible preparation of yeast lysates and protein isolates that can be used as food products.

[Thermogenesis of mesophilic, thermotolerant and thermophilic strains of microorganisms--producers of fungal cell wall--destroying enzymes]. / Termogenez mezofil'nogo, termotolerantnogo i termofil'nogo shtammov mikroorganizmov--produtsentov fermentov, razrushaiushchikh kletochnye stenki drozhzhei

Investigations were carried out to clarify the relationship between thermogenesis and production of yeast wall lyzing enzymes by the mesophilic strain of Bacillus subtilis, thermotolerant strain of Actinomyces sp. II and thermophilic strain of Actinomyces sp. 10. The enzymic lyzing activity was measured in the culture liquid filtrate of those microorganisms. The thermophilic strain of Actinomyces sp. 10 showed the highest enzymic activity. The thermogenetic curves of the cultures had several inflections. The mesophilic culture of Bacillus subtilis whose enzymic lyzing activity was the lowest displayed the highest heat release.

[Multiple forms of acid phosphatase of the mould Aspergillus awamori str. 22]. / Mnozhestvennost' form kisloi fosfatazy plesnevogo griba Aspergillus awamori shtamm 22

By isoelectric focusing and DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography it has been shown that extracellular acid phosphatase produced by Aspergillus awamori str. 22 exists as a mixture of oligomers of molecular weights ranging from 30,000 to 140,000. With an increase of aggregation of molecules of acid phosphatase the isoelectric point increases from 4.6 to 5.4.

[Activity of certain dehydrogenases in accumulation and continuous-flow culture of paraffin-oxidizing yeast of the genus Candida]. / Aktivnost' nekotorykh degidrogenaz nakopitel'noi i nepreryvmo-protochnoi kul'tury parafinokisliaiushchikh drozhzhei roda Candida

Lability of NADP- and NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenases and malate dehydrogenases has been demonstrated during a change of the physiological activity of yeast Candida guilliermondii in the exponential phase of growth. Variations in the isoenzyme spectrum of the enzymes and total dehydrogenase activity of the yeast has been found during their transition from the accumulative to the continuous cultivation. Changes in the physiological state of yeast during their growth are accompanied by a rearrangement of the isoenzyme spectrum of malate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenases.

[Enzynatic method of disrupting yeast cell walls]. / Fermentativnyi metod razrusheniia kletochnykh stenok drozhzhei

The influence of the preparation of mucolytic enzymes obtained from the culture liquid filtrate of Actinomyces griseinus on the yeast Candida guilliermondii was investigated. Lipids, hydrocarbons and proteins were extracted and free amino acids were separated from the biomass made of disrupted yeast cells. The extract contained 73% of cytoplasmic substances whereas normal yeast (enzymically untreated) contain on the average 13.7%. Lipids and hydrocarbons were measured.

[Study of the yeast dissolving enzymic complex by isoelectric focusing]. / Issledovanie fermentnogo kompleksa, rastvoriaiushychego kletki drozhzhei, metodom izolektricheskogo fokusirovaniia

By isoelectric focussing the lyzing complex produced by Actinomyces griseinus-11 has been fractionated. The sole neutral protease which is active at pH 7.0 does not participate in lysis induced by other enzymes. The lyzing activity of this complex is associated with the carbohydrase enzymes that are at least three in number. Various carbohydrases may exert a synergistic effect upon their combined action on the protein-vitamin concentrate.

[Synthesis of mucolytic enzymes by thermophilic strains of microorganisms]. / Sintez mukoliticheskikh fermentov termofil'nymi shtammami mikroorganizmov

The paper presents data on the accumulation of biomass and the rate of enzyme synthesis on nutrient media of different composition by two thermophilic microorganisms isolated from soil--Bacterium sp. 1641 and Actinomyces sp. 10.