RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the injuries of Olympic wrestlers during the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games held in August 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: In this descriptive epidemiological study, injury report forms were used to collect and analyse injury data during the competitions. RESULTS: During 410 matches in the Rio Olympic Games, 21 injuries were recorded among 346 wrestlers (112=women), a rate of 5.1 injuries/100 bouts and 6.1 injuries/100 athletes. During 322 matches in the Tokyo Olympic Games, 28 injuries were recorded among 287 wrestlers (96=women), with 8.7 injuries/100 bouts and 9.8 injuries/100 athletes. However, these apparent differences in injury rates between Tokyo and Rio were not statistically significant (injuries/bout: p=0.057, 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.02; injuries/athlete: p=0.087, 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.08). Mild injuries comprised the greatest proportion of injuries in both Olympic Games. Severe injuries accounted for 0%, 16.7% and 36.4% of injuries in Greco-Roman, Freestyle and Women's wrestling, respectively. CONCLUSION: Most wrestling injuries in the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games were mild skin injuries in the head and face regions due to direct body contact during standing positions in the 1/8-final round of wrestling competitions. No critical injury was observed during the recent Olympic Games. Attention should be drawn to preventing upper limb joint dislocations as common severe injuries in both Olympic Games. While not statistically significant, the Tokyo Games, after the COVID-19 pandemic, witnessed a higher injury occurrence than the Rio Games.
RESUMO
In the last years, cases of violence against animals win often a main place in the everyday news. The way of abuse has different characters. Mostly the affected animals are living in the same places like humans. The result for the animal is often a long term health affection or even death. In a parallel way one gets the impression that also the cases of violence against children increase year after year. Surely the easy way to present cases of violence through the social media in our days bring them faster into our perception. But indeed it seems that the fact of animal or child abuse appears in a higher frequency and intensity compared to the past. A lot of factors play a role looking for an answer, like the age and the sex of the incriminated person, the geographic area, the stereotypes in a certain cultural circle, the social and economic status of the person. A main motive seems to be the feeling of dominance against weak persons or in general against objects. Cases of animal or children cruelty seem to have a higher frequency in lower life level classes. But also the violence of minors or children against animals has here a horrifying statistic. The phenomenon of neglect has to be described here as a form of violence. A comparison with the results of a statistic view including 315 cases of violence in different levels of an emergency station protocol comes also into discussion. Animals and children as victims of violence should not present a human biological necessity.
