[Change in plasma fatty acid level in experimental mild craniocerebral injury]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia zhirnykh kislot plazmy krovi v dinamike éksperimental'noi legkoi cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

Content of fatty acids was studied in the blood plasma of rabbits in dynamics of experimental mild craniocerebral injury using gas-liquid chromatography. The content of all the fatty acids studied was markedly increased within the initial periods; then it was decreased down to control values within 2 hrs with the subsequent repeated increase. All these alterations appear to be compensatory body's reactions to the trauma.

[The biopsy of brain structures in patients with extrapyramidal hyperkinesia]. / Biopsiia mozgovykh struktur u bol'nykh s ékstrapiramidnymi giperkinezami.

A new device for brain biopsy is presented, the techniques and method of biopsy of brain structures are described which allow full value biopsy material to be obtained from any area of the brain with minimal risk for the patient and high accuracy of hitting the aim. Biopsy of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, and thalamic and cerebellar nuclei was conducted in 82 patients during stereotaxic operations (34 patients with infantile cerebral paralysis, 8 with torsion dystonia, 8 with spasmodic torticollis). Stereotaxic biopsy of brain tumors of various localization was also performed in 20 patients.

[The comparative characteristics of the neuronal activity in surviving slices of transplanted and intact neocortex]. / Sravnitel'nye kharakteristiki aktivnosti neironov v perezhivaiushchikh srezakh transplantirovannogo i intaktnogo neokorteksa.

The background single unit activity and single or multiunit responses to electrical stimulation of the rat's embryonic cortex, grafted into the somatosensory cortex of adult rats were investigated in a slice preparation. The same characteristics of the intact cortex neurons were observed as a control. The percentage of neurons with background activity within grafts was higher, than that within intact neocortex slices (23% and 6%, respectively). However the percentage of neurons responding to electrical stimulation of the recipient neocortex was lower in grafts. The mean latency of multiunit responses of graft neurons was longer, than that of neurons of the intact neocortex recorded at the same distance from the stimulating electrode (19.4 +/- 5.0 and 5.8 +/- 1.1 ms, respectively). Duration of the evoked population discharges was approximately ten times longer in grafts. It is concluded that there are local functional connections between a graft and the host brain and that inhibitory processes within grafts are weak. Functional integration of grafts with the host brain of the recipients after cranial trauma is shown.

[Plasma corticosterone level in experimental mild cranio-cerebral injury in rabbits]. / Soderzhanie kortikosterona v plazme krovi krolikov v dinamike éksperimental'noi legkoi cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

The content of corticosterone in the rabbits blood plasma in dynamics of experimental brain concussion was studied. We found two peaks of elevating the content of corticosterone during two weeks (15 minutes-2 hours, 7 days). Level of corticosterone more than twice exceeded the control values after 3 months of concussion. We can conclude that the brain concussion distinct from the stress action was more deep and in some cases with irreversible changes in neuro-humoral status.

[The pathogenetic substantiation of the periods of traumatic brain disease]. / Patogeneticheskoe obosnovanie periodov travmaticheskoi bolezni golovnogo mozga]

Advances in the study of the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of closed craniocerebral trauma (CCCT) which was conducted on an experimental model, a clinical equivalent of CCCT, allow one to form a new view of the course of traumatic disease and its division into periods. The data obtained provide evidence that increase of the pathological process in the posttraumatic period is of a skipping and cascade character. The existence of such breaks makes it possible to distinguish periods with consideration for the pathogenetic essence of the pathological changes. 1. The period of intensified metabolic processes, "conflagration of metabolism". 2. The period of development of energy deficit in the nerve tissue. 3. The period of development of cell intoxication processes and secondary structural changes. 4. The period of formation of posttraumatic homeostasis (a) in the regimen of stable homeostasis, (b) in the regimen of stress and subsequent exhaustion of the activity of adaptation systems with the formation of late-term progressive sequelae.

[The differential diagnosis and treatment of brain edema and swelling]. / Differentsial'naia diagnostika i lechenie oteka i nabukhaniia golovnogo mozga.

Data is reported in evidence of the possibility of using separate impedancemetry for intravital diagnosis of the degree of manifestation and the dynamics of development of brain edema and swelling. The specific features of the effect of mannite, furosemide, sorbitol, dexamethasone, and thiopental sodium on brain edema and swelling were studied in the clinic under control of impedancemetry in patients with craniocerebral trauma of various severity and edema and swelling of different degree of manifestation. Experimental study on a model of intracerebral hemorrhage showed that mannite, furosemide, and dexamethasone act on the dynamics of edema and swelling in phases.

[Ultrastructural analysis of changes in the synapses in the rabbit brain after experimental concussion of the brain]. / Ul'trastrukturnyi analiz izmeneniie sinapsov v golovnom mozge krolikov v dinamike éksperimental'nogo sotriaseniia mozga.

The authors discuss the results of electron-microscopic study of the synaptic contacts in the brain of rabbits during 4 months after experimental brain concussion. A complex of ultrastructural changes of the cerebral synaptic apparatus with a characteristic dynamics of development in time and space is described, and its peculiarities and features distinguishing it from other types of pathology as well as its role in the pathogenesis of craniocerebral injury are discussed.

[Ultrastructural changes in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and ventro-oral nuclei of the optic thalamus in infantile cerebral palsy]. / Ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia kory bol'shogo mozga, mozzhechka i ventrooral'nykh iader zritel'nogo bugra pri detskom tserebral'nom paraliche.

The authors describe 3-, 5-, 7- and 9-layer linear and concentric structures discovered in brain bioptates of patients with cerebral infantile paralysis. They were found to be specific to this disease. The assumptions on the origin and role of these ultrastructures in the pathogenesis of cerebral infantile paralysis are formulated.

[Ultrastructural organization of methylnitrosourea-induced brain tumors in the rat. Serial transplantation]. / Ul'trastrukturnaia organizatsiia opukholei mozga krys, indutsirovannykh metilnitrozomochevinoi. Issledovanie v protsesse passirovaniia.

The specific ultrastructural features of two transplantable rat gliomas (221 and 223) are described. The tumors contained poorly differentiated anaplastic cells and differentiated cells with a great amount of gliofibrils. The resemblance of experimental gliomas to human gliomas is discussed. The capillary ultrastructure in the transplantable gliomas is described.

[Ultrastructural localization of nucleoside phosphatase activity in the thymocytes of rats]. / Ul'trastrukturnaia lokalizatsiia nukleozidfosfataznoi aktivnosti v timotsitakh krysy.

A comparative electron histochemical investigation was made of ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in isolated cells and in cryostate sections of the rat thymus after various pretreatment. A most optimal demonstration of intracellular ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase activities was possible in non-fixed isolated cells whose cytoplasm was partially or completely destroyed in the process of homogenization. ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase activities were revealed in the nuclear chromatin and in interchromatin ribonucleoproteins, perinuclear space, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. ATPase activity on the plasma membrane was revealed in the best way in isolated cells after glutaraldehyde prefixation.

[Basic principles of electron microscopic diagnosis of human brain tumors]. / Osnovnye printsipy élektronno-mikroskopicheskoi diagnostiki opukholei mozga cheloveka.

Electron microscopy of two hundred brain tumours of various origin allowed the authors to elaborate the main principles of electron microscopic diagnosis. A comprehensive approach to determining the comparative diagnostic value of the morphological signs of the tumour and the initial normal tissue and the high resolving capacity of the electron microscope provide for trustworthy identification of tissue origin of the new growth that is examined. The electron microscopic method is particularly important when diagnostic difficulties arise on the light-optic level of the morphological examination.

[Ultrastructural analysis of ependymoastrocytoma histogenesis]. / Ul'trastrukturnyi analiz gistogeneza épendimoastrotsitom.

Electron-microscopy of tumours, diagnosed by light optics as ependymoastrocytomas, helped to ascertain the common features in the ultrastructural organization of their tumorous tissue: a complex of organ-specific signs of ependymomas is constantly manifested in all the scrutinized parts of the tumorous nodes. This makes it possible to regard ependymoastrocytomas as a variant of ependymomas and not tumours of a mixed origin.