Measurement of the Interantral Bone in Implant Dentistry Using Panoramic Radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Human Radiographic Study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the dimensions of interantral bone available for dental implant placement in the fully edentulous maxilla. METHODS: Interantral bone height (IBH) was measured using panoramic radiography and computed tomography (CT). Interantral bone width (IBW) was measured by means of CT. RESULTS: The difference between both imaging methods in IBH assessment was highly statistically significant (p < 0.001) in the canine area, whereas in other areas it was found not to be significant. Measured in the CT scans, bone is significantly higher in the canine area compared to the area of central and lateral incisors (p < 0.001). Significant variations in IBW were found in all three locations: bone in the central incisor area is the widest, in the area of the lateral incisor, the narrowest (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Panoramic radiography is a sufficiently accurate method for IBH imaging in the incisor area, but not in the canine area.

[Histologic findings in subantral augmentation (sinus lift)]. / Histologické nálezy u subantrální augmentace (sinus lift).

Subantral augmentation (sinus lift) is used to increase alveolar bone mass of lateral maxilla in order to insert dental implants. In addition to the autogenous bone several foreign materials can be used for augmentation and they can replace the autogenous bone to some extent. Histological findings in specimens taken nine months after augmentation with the autogenous bone, deproteinised bovine bone (Bio-Oss) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (Cerasorb) are presented. In all cases a new bone formation around the augmentation material was seen. The new bone was deposited predominantly on its surface. In cases with Cerasorb the new bone formation was observed within the porous granules, too. From the obtained results it can be concluded, that the main osteogenetic mechanism in the examined augmentation materials was osteoconduction. The biocompatibility of the used augmentation materials was evidenced by an absence of giant cell granulomatous reaction and of marked inflammatory infiltrate.

The use of oxidized regenerated cellulose (surgicel) in closing Schneiderian membrane tears during the sinus lift procedure / El uso de celulosa oxidada regenerada (Surgicel®) para cerrar las roturas de la membrana de Schneider durante el procedimiento quirúrgico del levantamiento del seno

During the sinus lift procedure, undesirable perforations of the Schneiderian membrane can occur in up to 58of cases. Several methods for their closing exist. This article presents a method of covering the perforation with a strip of oxidized regenerated cellulose (Surgicel). One or two layers of material swell after being saturated with blood, turning into a gelatinous mass and forming a tight and mechanically resistant seal. This simple method has been successfully tested on 223 perforations of the Schneiderian membrane that occurred over a period of 58 months.

Durante el procedimiento quirúrgico del levantamiento del seno, pueden producirse perforaciones indeseables de la membrana sinusal, hasta en el 58% de los casos. Existen varios métodos de cierre. Este artículo presenta un método para cubrir la perforación con una lámina de celulosa oxidada regenerada (Surgicel®). Una o dos capas del material se hinchan luego de ser saturadas con sangre, transformándose en una masa gelatinosa, y formando así un sello consistente y mecánicamente resistente. Este método simple ha sido probado con éxito en 223 perforaciones de la membrana de Schneider ocurridas en un período de 58 meses.

A six-year study of hydroxyapatite-coated root-form dental implants / Un estudio de seis años sobre implantes dentales de raíz con recubrimiento de hidroxiapatita

BACKGROUND: The effect of hydroxyapatite coating of dental implants is controversial. The long-term fate of hydroxyapatite-coated implants has been the subject of some criticism. PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the clinical outcome of hydroxyapatite-coated cylindrical root-form endosseous Impladent dental implants (LASAK Ltd, Prague, Czech Republic) during a six-year course. METHODS: Three-hundred and ninety-one consecutively placed implants were used in 169 patients and followed for four to six years. Interval and cumulative success of implants and prostheses survival was tabulated. Marginal bone loss was measured RESULTS: Of the total number of implants, 98.5achieved initial osseointegration. The cumulative success was 98.3after one year, 97.0after three years, 92.8after five years and 90.4after six years. The prostheses survival at the end of the study was 100for fixed bridges totally supported by implants, 96.5for fixed bridges with combined implant and tooth support, 94.2for single crowns, 90.9for mandibular overdentures and 81.3for maxillary overdentures. Marginal bone loss averaged 2.4 +/- 0.8 mm at the end of five years. CONCLUSION: The success rate of the investigated hydroxyapatite-coated implants was comparable with the data presented in the literature and with the results of the similar implants without hydroxyapatite-coating. However, the marginal bone loss was of interest. Longer monitoring of the implants is necessary.

ANTECEDENTES: El efecto del recubrimiento de los implantes dentales con hidroxiapatita es un asunto controversial. El destino a largo plazo de los implantes recubiertos con hidroxiapatita ha sido objeto de críticas. PROPÓSITO: El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue evaluar los resultados clínicos de los implantes dentales endo-óseos de raíz con recubrimiento de hidroxiapatita de la marca Impladent (LASAK Ltd., Praga, República Checa), durante el transcurso de seis años. MÉTODOS: Un número de 391 implantes colocados consecutivamente, fueron usados en 169 pacientes, y sujetos a seguimiento por un período de 4 a 6 años. Se tabuló el éxito de lo implantes – por intervalos y de forma cumulativa – así como la supervivencia de las prótesis. Se midió la pérdida de hueso marginal. RESULTADOS: El 98.5% de los implantes alcanzó óseo-integración en la fase inicial. El éxito cumulativo fue de 98.3% después de un año, 97.0% después de tres años, 92.8% luego de cinco años, y 90.4% tras seis años. La supervivencia de las prótesis al final del estudio fue de 100% para puentes fijos soportados totalmente por implantes, 96.5% para puentes fijos con combinación de soporte sobre dientes e implantes, 94.2% para coronas solas, 90.9% para sobredentaduras mandibulares, y 81.3% para sobredentaduras maxilares. La pérdida marginal de hueso tuvo un promedio de 2.4 ± 0.8 mm al final de los cinco años.CONCLUSIÓN: La tasa de éxito de los implantes recubiertos con HA investigados, resultó comparable a los datos presentados en la literatura, y a los resultados de implantes similares sin revestimiento de HA. Sin embargo, la pérdida marginal de hueso fue una alerta: se necesita monitorear los implantes por un período más largo de tiempo.

A six-year study of hydroxyapatite-coated root-form dental implants.

BACKGROUND: The effect of hydroxyapatite coating of dental implants is controversial. The long-term fate of hydroxyapatite-coated implants has been the subject of some criticism. PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the clinical outcome of hydroxyapatite-coated cylindrical root-form endosseous Impladent dental implants (LASAK Ltd, Prague, Czech Republic) during a six-year course. METHODS: Three-hundred and ninety-one consecutively placed implants were used in 169 patients and followed for four to six years. Interval and cumulative success of implants and prostheses survival was tabulated. Marginal bone loss was measured RESULTS: Of the total number of implants, 98.5% achieved initial osseointegration. The cumulative success was 98.3% after one year, 97.0% after three years, 92.8% after five years and 90.4% after six years. The prostheses survival at the end of the study was 100% for fixed bridges totally supported by implants, 96.5% for fixed bridges with combined implant and tooth support, 94.2% for single crowns, 90.9% for mandibular overdentures and 81.3% for maxillary overdentures. Marginal bone loss averaged 2.4 +/- 0.8 mm at the end of five years. CONCLUSION: The success rate of the investigated hydroxyapatite-coated implants was comparable with the data presented in the literature and with the results of the similar implants without hydroxyapatite-coating. However, the marginal bone loss was of interest. Longer monitoring of the implants is necessary.

The use of oxidized regenerated cellulose (surgicel) in closing Schneiderian membrane tears during the sinus lift procedure.

During the sinus lift procedure, undesirable perforations of the Schneiderian membrane can occur in up to 58% of cases. Several methods for their closing exist. This article presents a method of covering the perforation with a strip of oxidized regenerated cellulose (Surgicel). One or two layers of material swell after being saturated with blood, turning into a gelatinous mass and forming a tight and mechanically resistant seal. This simple method has been successfully tested on 223 perforations of the Schneiderian membrane that occurred over a period of 58 months.

10th anniversary of the National Reference Laboratory on AIDS in the Czech Republic.

National Reference Laboratory on AIDS (NRL AIDS) was established in the National Institute of Public Health by the Ministry of Health in the late 1985. At that time the existence of HIV/AIDS and the potencial spread of this infection/disease even in a socialistic country has been officially recognized. The main tasks of NRL AIDS were and still are the laboratory diagnostic, epidemiology and research of HIV/AIDS. As one of its first steps NRL AIDS introduced HIV antibody testing methods and strongly recommended obligatory screening of all blood donations to assure the safety of blood and blood products. In 1986 NRL AIDS performed the first serological pilot study to gain basic data on HIV infection incidence and prevalence in the Czech population. National HIV/AIDS reporting system has been elaborated at NRL AIDS and connected with the WHO-EC European AIDS Monitoring System. Several national and international collaborative HIV surveillance studies in different population groups are performed and evaluated yearly to monitor the trends in the spread of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic. From 1986 through May 1995 a total of 230 cases of HIV infection were reported in the Czech Republic. Of these 62 cases met the criteria for AIDS case definition. Homo/bisexual men are still the most affected population group accounting for 59% of all HIV reported cases. Nevertheless the percentage of heterosexually transmitted infections is constantly increasing, presently accounting for 19% of all infected persons. The activities of NRL AIDS are very broad, including the field of applied research. Several research grants were obtained from the Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health. Results of some of these are included in the National HIV/AIDS Programme of the Czech Republic.

[The expert diagnosis of HIV infection by radioimmunoprecipitation]. / Ekspertnaia diagnostika VICh-infektsii metodom radioimmunopretsipitatsii.

Using a panel of sera from HIV-infected persons and donors, the authors showed that radioimmunoprecipitation assays compare favourably with immunoblotting assays. With radioimmunoprecipitation, cross reactions were observed between HIV-2 antigens and HIV-2 antibodies, and that the nature of cross reactivity differs from that observed with immunoblotting. Potentials of radioimmunoprecipitation assays as a confirmatory test for use with sera that have given indeterminate results in immunoblotting assays and contradictory results in enzyme immunoassays are examined.

[Cultivation of HIV-1 virus on mononuclear peripheral blood cells of HIV-1 seropositive individuals]. / Kultivace viru HIV-1 z mononukleárních bunek periferní krve anti HIV-1 pozitivních osob.

Using the method of co-cultivation with phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from healthy donors, the author isolated the HIV-1 virus from peripheral mononuclear blood cells of three patients with the AIDS symptomatology and one patient with the ARC symptomatology. The presence of the virus in infected cells was proved by detection of the viral antigen p 24 in enzymatic immunoassays and in the immunofluorescence test. Three of the isolated strains were adapted to sensitive continual tissue cultures, where the isolates caused chronic infection of the cells associated with the development of a cytopathic effect. In the investigated patients no relationship was proved between viraemia and antigenaemia. The author discusses the importance of virus cultivation for laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology and research of HIV infection and AIDS.

[Dynamics of the antibody response and p24 antigenemia in HIV-1 infected individuals in Czechoslovakia]. / Dynamika protilátkové odpovedi a p 24 antigenémie u HIV-1 infikovaných osob v CSR.

In a group of 83 anti HIV-1 positive subjects the antibody response against different structural viral proteins was investigated concurrently with assessment of p 24 antigenaemia. Disappearance of antibodies against the capsidal antigen p 24 was recorded in 12% of 42 patients with ARC and AIDS. On the other hand, these antibodies persisted in all 41 asymptomatic infections throughout the three-year investigation period. Disappearance of antibodies against p 17 antigen was proved in 41% of the patients and in 22 subjects without clinical symptoms. The authors found a rising trend of antigenaemia p 24 in the course of HIV infection. The free p 24 antigen was detected in 62% patients with AIDS and only in 10% asymptomatic infections. The investigation confirmed the importance of investigations of the antibody response and p 24 antigenaemia in the prognosis of development of HIV infection and in monitoring of the effect of therapy.

[Detection of HIV infection using the immunofluorescence test]. / Prukaz infekce HIV v testu imunofluorescence.

The author examined, using the immunofluorescence test, 107 ant HIV positive sera and 114 sera with false reactions in the ELISA test. He proved a high sensitivity and specificity of the immunofluorescence test in the detection of anti-HIV antibodies, comparable with Western-blot's technique and he established the value of the immunofluorescence test for the identification of the virus antigen on isolation of the virus from HIV infected patients.

[Microbiological diagnosis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus]. / Mikrobiologická diagnostika infekce viry lidské imunodeficience.

The author describes and evaluates different approaches in laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection and AIDS. Serological detection of anti-HIV antibodies provides despite some limitations very good diagnostic opportunities. ELISA screening tests supplemented by confirming tests, in particular the Western blot, ensure maximum accuracy of the obtained results. Evidence of the viral antigen in serum is used as a diagnostic criterium only in special instances and serves rather for monitoring of the state of HIV infected subjects than screening for new cases of infection. Cultivation of the virus from clinical material is difficult but in some instances, e.g. in neonates and young children it is the only evidence of HIV infection. Recently for diagnostic purposes molecular biological methods are used, in particular amplification of proviral DNA by a polymerase chain reaction. Their application is, however, so far restricted to research departments because they are technically and economically pretentious.