[Self-inflicted genital injury].

Self-inflicted injury to external genitalia in men is an uncommon type of trauma. The international and domestic literature report isolated cases of injury to the external genitalia, caused by a patient intending to harm himself. This type of injury often occurs in patients with mental disorders. The authors describe their own clinical observations of rare types of self-inflicted genital injuries in patients without a history of mental disorders. During the period from 2012 to 2015, 4 patients with self-inflicted genital injuries were admitted to the hospital. There was a penile self-amputation, self-orchiectomy, penile rupture, and foreskin cut wound. Despite the sufficient public awareness and availability of urological care in a large industrial city, cases of self-inflicted genital injury occur. In addition to medical care, such cases warrant psychological and possibly psychiatric counseling.

Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract in healthy and injured rats.

OBJECTIVE: To study the phenomenon of asymptomatic penetration of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract into various tissues of healthy rats and rats with skin wounds and closed fractures at different doses and with different species of bacteria. METHOD: Healthy rats and rats with full-thickness skin wounds and closed femoral fractures were given varying doses of radiolabeled bacteria (S. aureus 209P or B. subtilis 534) per os in doses of up to 1010 bacteria per 1kg of body mass. Six hours later, these animals were euthanised and, together with blood smears, tissue samples of liver, spleen, stomach, small and large intestine, lung, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary gland, epinephros and skin and muscle from the wound site were subjected to bacteriological and histological analysis. RESULTS: In total, 99 rats were used for the experiments. Viable bacteria were found to systemically penetrate into the tissues of the internal organs in 45 healthy animals, 27 rats with incisions and 27 rats with fractures. In healthy animals, viable bacteria mostly accumulated in the stomach wall, the mucous membranes of the small intestine, the mesenteric lymph nodes and in the spleen and liver. Translocation was registered in uninjured animals receiving 1x106 and more bacteria per 1kg of rat's weight and in injured rats receiving 1x104 bacteria and more. Bacteria penetrated the local tissues at both wound sites (skin wounds and fracture sites). CONCLUSION: Bacterial translocation is a protective mechanism that gives the immune system constant contact with external antigens, although it can contribute to the spreading of infection in an organism. In healthy animals, small amounts of bacteria penetrate systemically from the tract and small intestine into the tissues of the spleen and liver. During injury, translocated bacteria also appear at the focus of injury. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

[A method for external painful stimulation in the treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the vessels of the lower extremities]. / Metod vneshnego bolevogo vozdeistviia v lechenii obliteriruiushchego ateroskleroza sosudov niznikh konechnostei.

Under analysis are results of treatment of 21 patients. Positive effects were obtained in 19 of them. This effect was noted in 6 patients during 2 years.

[The effect of low doses of a synthetic analog of a quinoid radiotoxin on the viability of normal and gamma-irradiated animals]. / Vliianie malykh doz sinteticheskogo analoga khinoidnogo radiotoksina na zhiznesposobnost' normal'nykh i gamma-obluchennykh zhivotnykh.

The method for a production of synthetic quinoid radiotoxins in vitro has been developed and described. Synthetic quinoid radiotoxins like quinoid radiotoxins (qRT) which are being produced from irradiated tissues of the organisms have demonstrated high toxicity at relatively high qRT concentrations. However, when synthetic qRT is introduced into the organisms in ultra-small concentrations, one can observe the opposite action: the resistance of the organism increases and a number of essential functions are activated. Quinoid radiotoxins are assumed to take part in regulatory processes responsible for radiation hormesis.

[The display of hormesis in the action of quinoid radiotoxins]. / Proiavlenie gormezisa v deistvii khinoidnykh radiotoksinov.

Two hours before irradiation (7.5 Gy) mice were injected with quinoid radiotoxins in concentrations close to those formed in mouse blood after gamma-irradiation with a dose of 10 cGy. This increased the survival rate (from 10-20% to 80%), prevented the radiation-induced weight loss, and increased catalase activity in the liver and blood of exposed animals.

[The importance of removing quinoid radiotoxins from the irradiated organism in the efficacy of hemosorption in the therapy of radiation sickness]. / O znachenii udaleniia khinoidnykh radiotoksinov iz obluchennogo organizma v éffektivnosti gemosorbtsii pri terapii luchevoi bolezni.

Sorption by SKN-2M coal of various endogenous substances, including quinones (tyrosine oxidation products) and quinoid radiotoxins (QR) isolated from gamma-irradiated plant and animal tissues has been studied. The fact that the precursors of QR-DOPA, tyrosine and QR, isolated from gamma-irradiated plant and animal tissues, are readily absorbed by the sorbent under study supports the major contribution of QR removal from the organism to the therapeutic effect of hemosorption after gamma irradiation of animals with minimal lethal doses.

[Biological activity of gamma-irradiated serum albumin]. / Biologicheskaia aktivnost' gamma-obluchennogo syvorotochnogo al'bumina.

Gamma-irradiated serum albumin activated L-tyrosine oxidation to 3,4-dioxyphenyl alanine (DOPA) and forms adducts with DOPA oxidation products. These adducts are more resistant to proteolysis and have bactericidal and mutagenic capacity. A possible role of such adducts in a radiation damage to the organism is discussed.

[The nature of the toxic properties of the blood plasma of gamma irradiated rats]. / O prirode toksicheskikh svoistv plazmy krovi gamma-obluchennykh krys.

In addition to the growth of low molecular weight quinoid radiotoxins the toxic effects of albumin were registered in rat plasma 4-24 h following gamma-irradiation. It is assumed that adducts of albumin with quinoid radiotoxins are formed and contribute to the development of radiation injury to critical organism tissues.

[Late nonstochastic sequelae of gamma irradiation of lymphoid cells]. / Otdalennye, nestokhasticheskie posledstviia gamma-oblucheniia limfoidnykh kletok.

In experiments with a suspension culture of human Raji lymphoid cells it was shown that a 40 per cent deceleration of the population growth induced by 2.5 Gy gamma-radiation persisted within the following 15-16 generations, afterwards it gradually normalized to reach the control level in the 21st generation. However, the incompleteness of recovery was displayed with the repeated exposure and cultivation of cells under hyperthermia (40 degrees C) up to the 27th generation.

[Quinoid radiotoxins in the blood of gamma-irradiated dogs]. / Issledovanie khinoidnykh radiotoksinov v krovi gamma-obluchennykh sobak.

Quinoid radiotoxins were found in the peripheral blood 3-4 h following gamma-irradiation of dogs with doses of 5.76 Gy. The authors developed a simple method of isolation and purification of quinoid radiotoxins and specified their physicochemical and biological characteristics.

[Modifying effect of water-soluble analogs of quinoid radiotoxins on hematopoiesis in gamma-irradiated mice]. / Modifitsiruiushchee deistvie vodorastvorimykh analogov radiotoksinov khinoidnoi prirody na gemopoéz gamma-obluchennykh myshei.

It was established that quinoid products of tyrosine oxidation, analogues of natural radiotoxins, when used in the studied doses decreased the radiosensitivity of spleen stem cells and enhanced the restoration of bone marrow cellularity of mice exposed to sublethal gamma-radiation doses.

[Abscopal action of gamma radiation in the death of lymphoid cells]. / O vklade oposredovannogo deistviia gamma-radiatsii v gibel' limfoidnykh kletok.

In the in vitro experiments with lymphoid cells Raji and X63-Ag8.653 gamma-irradiated in a synthetic medium, it was shown that a cessation of division (reproductive death) and lysis (interphase death) of cells were evoked by the abscopal effect of long-lived quinoid radiotoxins enhancing the direct effect of radiation to make it not additive but synergistic: a synergism coefficient was 1.3.

[Synergism in the effect of gamma-radiation and quinoid radiotoxins on mice and cultured lymphoid cells]. / Sinergizm v deistvii gamma-radiatsii i khinoidnykh radiotoksinov na myshei i limfoidnye kletki v kul'ture.

A considerable increase in the lethal effect of gamma-radiation on mice was noted after postirradiation administration of nontoxic quantities of quinoid radiotoxins (synergism). The same synergistic effect was observed on human lymphoid cells Raji in culture.

[Virulence, viability and antibiotic sensitivity of the causative agent of plague growing on nutrient media at 28 and 37 degrees C]. / Virulentnost', zhiznesposobnost' i chuvstvitel'nost' k antibiotikam vozbuditelia chumy pri vyrashchivanii na nekotorykh pitatel'nykh sredakh pri 28 i 37 gradusov C.

A comparative study of virulence, viability and antibiotic sensitivity of Y. pestis strains grown at 28 degrees C and 37 degrees C in yeast-casein medium, yeast medium with Hottinger's meat digest and yeast medium with protein hydrolysate obtained from sunflower seed groats has been made. These media have been found to be suitable for the prolonged cultivation of Y. pestis at 28 degrees C and 37 degrees C, for the determination of its sensitivity to antibiotics, as well as for the preservation of Y. pestis cultures.

[Exposure to external pain in the treatment of various functional diseases]. / Vneshnee bolevoe vozdeistvie v lechenii nekotorykh funktsional'nykh zabolevanii.

The method of exposure to external pain was used in 143 patients. It was shown to be highly efficient in treatment of a number of functional diseases. The authors emphasize the importance of further multilateral investigation of prospects of using this method in medicine.

[Exposure to external pain in the treatment of bronchial asthma]. / Vneshnee bolevoe vozdeistvie v lechenii bronkhial'noi astmy.

Immediate results of treatment of 55 patients with bronchial asthma of different severity by a method of the exposure to external pain are described. The method is shown to be efficient in bronchial asthma of any genesis, its use to be promising for overcoming any drug (even hormonal) dependence.

[Pain as a stimulator of protective and curative processes (the theory of pain)]. / Bol' kak stimuliator zashchitnykh i reparativnykh protsessov (teoriia boli).

The work deals with the theoretical approach to problem of pain. The mechanism of the appearance of pain is considered as lack of correspondence between functional capacity of the nervous system and the presented load. The function of pain as reparator and stimulator of defensive forces of the organism in pathological processes is disclosed. The possible employment of pain as a curative factor in practical medicine is discussed.