[Anabolic effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants]. / Anabolicheskii éffekt prirodnykh i sinteticheskikh antioksidantov.

The order of responses of cell systems of organs and changes in the content of some proteins of mouse and dog blood in response to addition of natural (alpha-tocopherol) and synthetic (ionol) antioxidants was studied at the whole-body level using ERP spectroscopy, radioisotope analysis, and chemiluminescence technique. Responses were evaluated by the temporary and concentration-dependence changes in the activity of ribonucleotide reductase and the rate of protein and DNA synthesis in organs of mice, as well as by the changes in the pools of Fe3+ -transferrin and Cu2+ -ceruloplasmin in blood and the antiradical activity of blood plasma of dogs and mice. During the first 24 h of exposure to alpha-tocopherol, the activity ribonucleotide reductase in bone marrow rapidly increased, whereas the activity of this enzyme and the rate of DNA synthesis in the thymus and spleen were suppressed by 30-50% compared to the control. The changes in these parameters had a phase mode with maxima on days 2-3 and 6-8. The stimulatory effect of the antioxidant on the processes of synthesis was concentration-dependent. We found that the optimal stimulation of the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides, DNA, and protein was achieved by single administration of alpha-tocopherol at a dose of 20 mg per dog with an average weight of 15 kg and 17 mg/kg in the case of mice. Single or repetitive administration of higher doses of alpha-tocopherol was either ineffective or even suppressed the synthesis of DNA and deoxyribonucleotides. Ionol administered at a dose of 60 mg/kg increased DNA and protein synthesis in mouse organs in 2-4 and 1.2-1.5 times, respectively, compared to the control. It was also shown that single and repetitive administration of alpha-tocopherol to dogs increased the pool of Fe3+ -transferrin and Cu2+ -ceruloplasmin in blood in 2-3 times and by 20-30%, respectively, compared to the control. It is suggested that changes in Fe3+ -transferrin pool in peripheral blood may be used for evaluation of the stimulatory effect of antioxidants on the synthesis of macromolecules in organs and for the determination of dependence of this effect on the concentration of antioxidants.

[Interaction of delta-sleep-inducing peptide with cell membranes in vitro]. / Vzaimodeistvie del'ta-son-indutsiruiushchego peptida s kletochnymi membranami in vitro.

The effect of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) on erythrocytic membranes of human donor blood was studied by the spin label and spin probe methods. The spin-labeled derivative of DSIP containing the N-terminal residue of 1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-carboxylic acid was synthesized. An analysis of the ESR spectra of the spin-labeled DSIP derivative recorded after its incubation with a human erythrocyte suspension at 37 degrees C revealed a decrease in the rotational correlation time (tau c) and molecular order parameter (S) in comparison with the control solutions of the peptide in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The application of paramagnetic probes, 5-, 12-, and 16-doxylstearic acids and 3-doxylandrostanol, demonstrated that the introduction of DSIP in an erythrocytic suspension significantly increased the mobility of the hydrophobic area of the membrane bilayer both at a depth of 20-22 A and in the subsurface area (4-6 A). The dependence of these effects on the DSIP concentration was shown to have the form of a curve with well-defined extremes. The maximal disordering of membrane lipids was observed at peptide concentrations of 10(-9) and 10(-6) M. These results suggested that DSIP significantly affected the structure of plasmatic membranes in vitro by changing the physical state of their lipid components.

[Changes in the rate of protein biosynthesis in the organs of mice under the action of the delta sleep-inducing peptide and psychoemotional stress]. / Izmeneniia skorosti biosinteza belkov v organakh myshei pri deistvii del'ta-son-indutsiruiushchego peptida i psikhoémotsional'nogo stressa.

The effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and its analogs (ID-6 and ID-12) on the protein synthesis rate in the mouse brain, liver, and spleen were studied with special reference to mechanisms underlying the adaptogenic action of DSIP. Time-related changes of the protein synthesis rate were estimated in the mouse organs after a single intraperitoneal injection of the peptide (120 mg/kg body weight) and the psycho-emotional stress with or without preliminary (1 h before) injection of the peptide. After DSIP administration, the protein biosynthesis was activated and the dynamics of stress-induced changes of biosynthesis were modified. The data obtained suggest that the mechanisms underlying the DSIP adaptogenic action involve its modulatory effect on the regulatory system of protein biosynthesis.

[Changes in the intensity of free-radical reactions in the organs of rats under hypokinetic stress and with protection by the delta sleep-inducing peptide and its tyrosine-containing analog]. / Izmeneniia intensivnosti svobodnoradikal'nykh reaktsii v organakh krys pri gipokineticheskom stresse i zashchite del'ta-son-indutsiruiushchim peptidom i ego tirozinsoderzhashchim analogom.

Dynamics of the hypokinesia-induced changes of free radical and malonic dialdehyde content in brain, the changes of respiratory chain state and superoxide dismutase activity in liver of rats has been studied using ESR technique and biochemical methods. The effect of the preliminary injection of DSIP and its analogue ID-2 on these dynamics has also been studied. Using a model system constants of the interaction between DSIP or ID-2 and O2-. have been determined. The data point to the antioxidant effect of the administration of the peptides before hypokinesia. This suggests that the effect involves in mechanisms of the anti-stress action of these peptides.

[Detection of new metabolic paramagnetic centers in the lung tissue by ESR method]. / Obnaruzhenie metodom EPR novykh metabolicheskikh paramagnitnykh tsentrov v tkaniakh legkogo.

An ESR signal with g = 2.0025 and delta H = 0.2 mT was recorded at 77 K in lung tissues of guinea-pigs, mouse and rats. The signal intensity changed in the lung tissues of animals exposed to some chemicals. A relationship between new paramagnetic centres and the lung surfactant system is suggested to exist.

[Paramagnetic centers formed in mouse blood gamma-irradiated at 77K]. / Paramagnitnye tsentry, voznikaiushchie v krovi myshei, gamma-obluchennoi pri 77K.

The method of low-temperature ESR-spectroscopy was used to study the primary products of radiation injury of mouse blood. It was shown that when blood samples were exposed to gamma-radiation at 77 K radicals of water, lipids and proteins and also oxyhemoglobin adducts (Fe3+--O2(2-)) were formed. It was shown that oxyhemoglobin electron adducts were protonated during stepwise annealing to form complexes (Fe3+--HO2-). High spin methemoglobin is probably the final product of transformations of the oxyhemoglobin complexes.