Mother child appraised involvement in coping with diabetes stressors and emotional adjustment.

OBJECTIVE: To examine how children's and mother's appraisals of each other's involvement in coping with diabetes events are associated with emotional adjustment. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-seven children (ages 10-15 years) with type 1 diabetes and their mothers reported on their own emotional adjustment and how each other was involved in coping strategies surrounding diabetes stressful events. RESULTS: Appraisals that mothers and children were uninvolved with each other's stressors were associated with greater depressive symptoms and less positive mood; children's appraisals of mother's supportive involvement with children's less depressive symptoms, and appraisals of collaborative involvement with less depressive symptoms and more positive mood for both mothers and children. Appraised control was most detrimental for children for older females and for mothers of younger children. CONCLUSIONS: Collaborative involvement in coping efforts may be an important resource for addressing negative emotions that both children and mothers experience surrounding type 1 diabetes, especially across adolescence.

The role of autonomy and pubertal status in understanding age differences in maternal involvement in diabetes responsibility across adolescence.

OBJECTIVE: To examine how autonomy and pubertal status explain age decreases in maternal involvement in type 1 diabetes management across adolescence, how they relate to metabolic control, and the reasons that guide declines in maternal involvement. METHODS: One hundred twenty-seven children ages 10-15 years with type 1 diabetes and their mothers participated. Data included maternal and child report of diabetes management, child report of autonomy level, maternal report of pubertal status, maternal reports of reasons for transfer of diabetes responsibility, and glycosylated hemoglobin (Hba(1c)) values. RESULTS: Autonomy and pubertal status partially mediated age effects on reports of maternal involvement. Mothers' reasons for transferring responsibility included responding to the child's competence, promoting competence and maturity in their child, and minimizing hassles and conflict. The transfer of diabetes responsibility from mother to child without sufficient autonomy and when pubertal status was low was related to higher Hba(1c) values. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of chronological age for changes in maternal involvement suggests the need to examine mothers' and adolescents' developmental expectations for diabetes management. The reasons for transferring responsibility from mother to child suggest many avenues for intervention.