[THE CONTENT OF ELECTROLYTES IN DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL MEDIUMS UNDER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME].

The sampling of study included 172 patients with ischemic heart disease: 146 with acute coronary syndrome, including myocardial infarction (88 patients) and unstable stenocardia (58 patients); 26 patients with stable stenocardia functional class II-III. At the 1-3 day of hospitalization blood was taken of cubital vein. The mixed unstimulated saliva was selected. In both of them conte of calcium, sodium and potassium was tested (mmol/l). Under acute coronary syndrome, in blood content of calcium was 2. sodium--139.6 and potassium--4.5 i.e. the content was lower than in case of stable stenocardia (2.4; 139.8; 4.7 correspondingl In saliva under acute coronary syndrome higher content of calcium (1.05) and potassium (34.66) and lower content of sodiu (25.42) was established in comparison with stable stenocardia (0.81; 33.7; 28.08 correspondingly). The distribution coefficien (blood/saliva) of calcium, sodium and potassium were higher under myocardium infarction than under unstable stenocardia at uncomplicated course of acute coronary syndrome.

[THE PROTEOME OF SALIVA AND ITS DIAGNOSTIC POSSIBILITIES].

By the present time, a number of articles has been published testifying an extremely high potential of proteome of saliva for diagnostic of many diseases. At the same time, the conclusions can be made from these publications. In particular, to the effect that studies of proteome of saliva are at the stage of data accumulation only. Then, lacking of standardization in collection of samples, techniques of analysis and requirements to representativeness of samplings used as basis for conclusions carry in discrepancies into results acquired by different researchers. Furthermore, physiology and biochemistry of saliva are studied insufficiently as well as characteristics of interaction of proteins of saliva with micro-organisms of oral cavity. All of this establishes obstacles for implementations of achievements in studying of proteome of saliva in diagnostic practice. The solution of these problems will permit making saliva an ideal biological medium for both detection of diseases and prognosis of their course.

[The proteomic profiling of blood serum of children with gastroesophageal reflux disease].

The mass-spectra of proteome of blood serum from healthy children and children with gastroesophageal reflux disease were received. The technology platform including direct proteome mass-spectrometer profiling after pre-fractional rectification using magnetic particles MB WCX was applied. The significant differences in mass-spectra were established manifesting in detection of more mass-spectrometer peaks and higher indicators of their intensity and area in group of healthy children. The study detected 39 particular peptides and low-molecular proteins predominantly intrinsic to healthy or ill children. It was established that two peptides with molecular mass 925 and 909 Da. are registered only in healthy patients and have no traces in group ofpatients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The peptide 1564 Da is detected only in blood of children with gastroesophageal reflux disease and totally is absent in healthy children. The research data permitted to reveal specific patterns (signatures) of low-molecular proteins and peptides specific for blood serum of healthy children and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The results testify the availability of singularities in metabolism of low-molecular proteins and can be used as a basis for development of minimally invasive mass-spectrometer system for its diagnostic.

The significance of increased levels of end nitric oxide metabolites in blood serum of children with celiac disease.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine serum nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and correlate them to gluten-free diet (GFD) compliance, the parameters of morphological and functional condition of the small intestine in patients with celiac disease (CD) in a long-term follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 35 children (age median 8.0 years) with previously diagnosed CD, among them 15 - on a strict GFD and 20 - on a semistrict GFD. 32 patients (age median 7.5 years) with functional abdominal pain were recruited as controls. Nitrites (NO(2)), nitrates (NO(3)), total content of nitrites and nitrates (NOx) in serum were determined using the Griess reaction. CD patients underwent small intestine morphometry and absorption D-xylose test. RESULTS: Compared to the controls, the CD patients on a strict GFD had no significant differences in NO(2), NO(3), NOx content, while in patients violating GFD these parameters were significantly higher. In comparison with the patients on a strict GFD, the patients on a semistrict GFD had higher median values of NO(3) (p = 0.002) and NOx (p = 0.0000). Serum NOx correlated negatively with the height of villi (p = 0.0001), D-xylose excretion (p = 0.0063), and correlated positively with the depth of crypts (p = 0.0082) and cellular density of villi stroma (p = 0.0067). CONCLUSION: CD patients not keeping to a strict GFD have an increased level of nitric oxide metabolites in serum. NOx content is associated with morphometric parameters of the small intestine that proves the participation of NO in the pathogenesis of histological changes in CD (Tab. 3, Ref. 39).

[The acoustic indicator of saliva under stress].

The situation of stress affects various organs and systems that results in development of functional disorders and/or somatic diseases. As a result, different noninvasive, including salivary, techniques of diagnostic of stress conditions are in the process of development. The dynamics of acoustic indicator of saliva is studied during the period of passing the exams. The relationship of indicator with levels of potassium, sodium, glucose and protein of saliva was analyzed. The sampling consisted of 102 students of 5 and 6 academic years of medical university. To detect the acoustic indicator of saliva acoustic analyzer AKBa-01- "BIOM" was applied. The level of potassium and sodium in saliva was detected using method of flame photometry. The level of glucose in saliva was detected by glucose oxydase technique using analyzer "EXAN-G". The protein in saliva was detected by biuretic technique. The correlation between acoustic indicator of saliva and analyzed indicators of saliva was established.

[Endogenous intoxication and biochemical protection in children with celiac disease: state assesment and correlation-regression analysis].

AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of endogenous intoxication parameters, biochemical protection and reveal their interaction in children with celiac disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 81 children aged from 1 to 16 years with celiac disease were examined in acute and remission periods. In erythrocytes, blood serum and urine we determined low and moderate molecular weight substances (LMMWS), oligopeptides OP); in erythrocytes--the value of erythrocyte mechanical hemolysis (MH), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the activity of glutathione reductase GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD); in blood serum--ceruloplasmin (CP) level, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity; in erythrocytes and blood serum--glutathione transferase (GT), and calculated intoxication index (II). RESULTS: In children with celiac disease in acute and remission periods LMMWS, OP, II levels in blood were statistically significantly high, while LMMWS level in urine was low. In both periods MH activity was high (p < 0.001), and GSR (p < 0.001) and SOD (p < 0.01) levels were low. We revealed the correlation between MDA and II (r = 0.67; p = 0.006), erythrocyte LMMWS and SOD (r = -0.61; p = 0.015), erythrocyte LMMWS and ADH (r = 0.62; p = 0.006), between GT and OP in urine (r = -0.31; p = 0.026), GTand MDA (r = 0.68; p = 0.000), GT and MH (r = -0.46; p = 0.004), between MDA and CP (r = 0.57; p = 0.002) that made it possible to develop the models of dependence of the parameters in relation to each other. CONCLUSION: In celiac disease there is endogenous intoxication. The changes of the first and the second phases of biotransformation, antioxidant protection is an essential factor of the disease pathogenesis, since they have an effect on endogenous intoxication formation that should be taken into consideration in therapy.

S-nitrosothiols, nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines in children with inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the levels of S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) in blood serum of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NUC) and Crohn's disease (CD), and correlate the obtained data with the number of total nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and proinflammatory cytokines (PC). METHODS: RSNO and NOx were determined by the Griess method and PC by ELISA. We examined 174 children of both genders aged from 6 to 17 years (mean age - 14 years) including 112 children suffering from IBD and 62 children from the control group. The results were statistically processed using Statistica 6.1. RESULTS: The obtained data show an increased but statistically indistinguishable RSNO number in NUC and CD. We revealed the absence of correlation between RSNO and NO and unidirectional RSNO and PC values. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data of RSNO concentrations in blood serum of children with IBD suggest the participation of RSNO in IBD pathogenesis in children and an indirect correlation of the translation of nitric oxide synthase aberrant activity into RSNO.

[Changes of epidermal growth factor level in blood serum, saliva and gastric juice in children with duodenal ulcer].

AIM: The aim of our study is to investigate EGF content in biological mediums in children with duodenum ulcer depending on phase of the disease and different variants of its course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was performed in Federal State Establishment "Nizhniy Novgorod Research Institute of Children Gastroenterology", Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia. 92 children, between the ages of 8 to 17, with duodenum ulcer were under observation. Endoscopy was performed by Pentax endoscope (FG-24V). EGF detection was performed in blood serum, gastric juice and saliva by ELISA method with Human EGF Kit, "Invitrogen", USA. RESULTS: The peculiarities of EGF level changes in human biological mediums, depending on phase of the disease. The highest EGF level was detected with acute peptic ulcer in the presence of ulcerous defects. EGF level increasing was marked out in the remission phaseas ulcerous defects healing, and it didn't reach normal values in gastric juice. EGF content changes in biological mediums were revealed with different variants of duodenum ulcer clinical course in children. The lowest EGF level was marked out in blood, saliva and gastric juice with unfavorable course of the disease (frequent relapses, cicatricial-ulcerous strains formation), which can serve as a prognostic factor.

[Use of mathematical models infrared spectroscopy serum in the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in children].

UNLABELLED: RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH: Inflammatory bowel diseases are among the most severe pathologies in pediatric gastroenterology, often lead to disability. Despite the similarity of the clinic, pathogenetic mechanisms, the question of the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is relevant in view of their different prognosis and treatment strategy. In recent years, in medical uses infrared spectroscopy of blood serum for the differential diagnosis of various inflammatory diseases, benign and malignant tumors. Besides finding increasing application of mathematical methods for data processing, the so-called mathematical modeling of pathological processes, allowing objectify the survey results for a more accurate diagnosis and prognosis of pathological processes. OBJECTIVE: improving the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in children. PATIENTS: 21 children with ulcerative colitis, 56 children with Crohn's disease and 34 healthy children. The method of infrared spectroscopy of serum and mathematical modeling results through multivariate entropy analysis. RESULTS: the obtained spectral characteristics of blood serum in children with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and in healthy children, as well as "images of diseased in these pathologies". CONCLUSION: The use of this medical technology reduced the time of diagnosis, which contributes to the timely choice of rational treatment strategies and provides an opportunity to avoid the development of complications, worsening of the disease.

[Liver detoxifying function disorders in children with chronic hepatic disease and their correction].

In the present study liver detoxifying function state in children with chronic hepatitis and pigmentary hepatosis was examined. An endogenous intoxication level increase, peroxide processes and biotransformation system activation were established against the background of endotoxicosis substrate accumulation in blood. The dynamics of clinical symptoms and liver detoxifying function indicators was estimated against the background of the complex treatment with Reamberin. In our study we have noticed detoxication mechanisms improvement, and that fact has been confirmed by a decrease of endogenous intoxication level and significant middle-mass molecules decreasing in blood plasma as well as intoxication index and glutathione enzymes activity in blood.

[Content of epidermal growth factor in biosubstrates and macrophage count in defect healing in children and adolescents with duodenal ulcer disease].

The concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in saliva, gastric juice, and blood and those of macrophages in mucosal biopsy specimens were determined in children with duodenal ulcer disease. The maximum level of EGF was noted in the saliva. There were unidirectional positive changes in the levels of EGF and macrophages during ulcerative defect healing.

[A new procedure for evaluating the severity of childhood celiac disease].

The paper describes a new procedure for evaluating the severity of childhood celiac disease, the basis of which is to determine the salivary activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The salivary ODC activity index of 0.0001 to 0.0080 ncat/ml suggests severe celiac disease; that of 0.0081-0.0145 and 0.0146-0.0410 ncat/ml indicates its moderate and mild forms, respectively. The development of this procedure is urgent since the typical forms of celiac disease, which make the determination of the degree of the disease difficult in most cases.

[Characteristics of endogenous intoxication in children with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastroduodenal diseases].

Endogenous intoxication indices, such as the levels of medium-weight molecules and oligopeptides, albumin binding ability, and the blood activity of NADH-alcohol dehydrogenase, were studied in 326 children with chronic gastroduodenitis and duodenal ulcerative disease, including 252 and 74 children with and without Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. High endogenous intoxication was detected in the presence of Helicobacter pylori. The paper shows it possible to use the level of medium-weight molecules and oligopeptides, toxicity index, the blood activity of NADH-alcohol dehydrogenase as biochemical markers of the negative impact of Helicobacter pylori.

[The age-related specificity of the activity of P-450 cytochrome and of its isoenzymes in healthy children].

The general activity of cytochrome P-450 and of its isoenzymes P-450IA2 and P-450IIIA4 was studied by the pharmacokinetic findings of antipyrin in virtually healthy different-age children. According to the results, the P-450 cytochrome system gradually matures as the child grows up and it has its own specific features, which must be considered in pharmacotherapy of children as well as while purposefully affecting the system in order to activate the detoxication processes.