[Integral approach to the prevention of major chronic non-infectious diseases]. / Integra'lnyi podkhod k profilaktike osnovnykh khronicheskikh neinfektsionnykh zabolevanii.

The essence and the necessity of an integral approach to prevention of major chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCD) is described proceeding from the example of the integral CNCD prevention programme in one of Moscow districts. The aims and basic directions of preventive activities are demonstrated along with possible ways of integrating medical services with various district nonmedical institutions. The findings of the sample study of the adult population (25-64 years) of the district are provided. The study has been carried out prior to the preventive activities and touched upon information supply of the population in relation to healthy mode of life, prevalence of major risk factors (arterial hypertension, smoking, excessive body weight, hypercholesterolemia) and some CNCD (IHD, chronic bronchitis, diabetes mellitus).

[Determining the "critical" level of body mass index in dietary preventive programs]. / Opredelenie "kriticheskogo" urovnia indeksa massy tela v dietologicheskikh profilakticheskikh programmakh.

The screening of 709 subjects of both sexes, aged from 16 to 64 years, representing samples from unorganized population was conducted to determine the critical level of body mass index as a criterion for current preventive dietary measures. Anthropometric studies were made, standard questionnaire was used to detect chest pains, ECG at rest was recorded in 12 standard leads using the Minnesota Code. Glucose level in the capillary blood was estimated with the use of "Glucoscot", the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol in the blood serum was assayed in AA-2 ("Technicon"). The results of the investigations have shown that 71.4% of males and 64.4% of females under 40 years have normal body mass. Body mass index of the most of males over 40 years comprises 25-29.9 units, and that of females 30.0-39.7 units. Body mass index 25-29.9 units corresponds to the I degree of obesity in males, and to the I-II degrees of obesity in females, while index 30-39.9 units corresponds to the II degree of obesity in males, and to the II-III degrees of obesity in females. The authors have recommended body mass index 25 units as the reference criterion for preventive measures to control the main chronic diseases.

[Alcohol consumption habits in a population of 40- to 59-year-old men and its prognostic value in relation to mortality]. / Izuchenie privychki upotrebleniia alkogolia v populiatsii muzhchin 40-59 let i ee prognosticheskaia znachimost' v otnoshenii smertnosti.

Alcohol consumption practice was studied by a method of interview in an unorganized male population aged 40 to 59 investigated by a program of multifactorial CHD prevention. The frequency of spreading of this habit and its intensity were determined. The frequency of alcohol consumption was decreased with age and was associated with the examinees' educational level. Persons consuming alcohol more frequently had raised arterial hypertension and smoked. These factors increased the risk of CHD development which was confirmed by a 5-year prospective study of mortality. Alcohol abusers were characterized by higher rates of general mortality, including that from cardiovascular diseases, traumas and accidents, in particular, alcoholic intoxication.

[Preventive activities of a district physician-internist]. / Profilakticheskie meropriiatiia v deiatel'nosti uchastkovogo vracha-terapevta.

The results of prophylactic examination of a district population were compared with medical documents. Information on 85.7% of patients with CHD, 70.5% with arterial hypertension, 80.3% with chronic bronchitis and 83.3% with diabetes mellitus detected during the examination was absent in the medical documents. Prophylactic examination of the population, education of a district physician in methods of primary and secondary prophylaxis of chronic incommunicable diseases, the availability of health educational literature brought about an increase in the volume of therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive activities in this district, however they did not have great influence on the prevalence of risk factors in the population over a 2-year period.

[Preventive examination of the population of the medical district of an urban polyclinic]. / Profilakticheskoe obsledovanie naseleniia vrachebnogo uchastka gorodskoi polikliniki.

Prophylactic examination of the population in a district of a city out-patients clinic was performed. Altogether 689 persons (298 men and 391 women) aged 16 to 64 were examined. A great prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CND) and common risk factors were revealed: CHD in 16.7% of the examinees, cerebral changes in 0.6%, diabetes mellitus in 3.9%, chronic bronchitis in 9.3%, arterial hypertension (AH) in 29.6%, smoking in 26.1%, disturbed carbohydrate tolerance in 15.7%, hypercholesterolemia in 13.5% and excess body mass in 35.5%. In 40% of the patients with AH it was combined with other chronic diseases necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to CND control in the patients with AH. The study showed that the population was not ready enough for prophylactic examination.