Biodegradability of Chlorophenols in Surface Waters from the Urban Area of Buenos Aires.

Biodegradability of 2-Chlorophenol (2-CP), 3-Chlorophenol (3-CP), 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2,4,6 Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) has been tested in surface waters in the urban area of Buenos Aires. Samples were taken from the La Plata River and from the Reconquista and Matanza-Riachuelo basins, with a total amount of 18 sampling points. Water quality was established measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and both Escherichia coli and Enterococcus counts. Biodegradability was carried out by a respirometric method, using a concentration of 20 mg L-1 of chlorophenol, and the surface water as inoculum. Chlorophenols concentration in the same water samples were simultaneously measured by a solid phase microextraction (SPME) procedure followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 2,4-DCP was the most degradable compound followed by 2,4,6-TCP, 4-CP, 3-CP and 2-CP. Biodegradability showed no correlation with compound concentration. At most sampling points the concentration was below the detection limit for all congeners. Biodegradability does not correlate even with COD, BOD5, or fecal contamination. Biodegradability assays highlighted information about bacterial exposure to contaminants that parameters routinely used for watercourse characterization do not reveal. For this reason, they might be a helpful tool to complete the characterization of a site.

[THE PROVISION OF MODERN ASPECTS OF SURGICAL ADD TO WOUNDED PERSONS FOR THE BRACHIAL BONE GUN-SHOT FRACTURE].

The complex of operative interventions on all levels of medical add was analyzed in 57 wounded persons, treated for the brachial bone gun-shot fracture and for the extremity affection on the humerus level in 2014 - 2015 yrs period. Primary and repeated surgical processing of the wounds was done in 94.7% wounded persons, the core аpparatuses of external fixation were imposed in 85.9%. Vacuum-therapy was conducted in 17.5% wounded persons, free autodermoplasty and autovenous prosthesis of artery was accomplished in 10.5%. Good functional results were achieved in 47.4% wounded persons, satisfactory - in 40.3%, bad - in 12.3%. The management and treatment-diagnostic faults were analyzed.

Opinions, hopes and concerns regarding pharmacogenomics: a comparison of healthy individuals, heart failure patients and heart transplant recipients.

It is not yet known whether healthy individuals and patients with a chronic disease have similar attitudes towards pharmacogenomics. Thus we conducted a survey of 175 healthy volunteers, 175 heart failure (HF) patients and 100 heart transplant recipients to compare their opinions on this subject. Most participants (>90%) stated that they would accept pharmacogenomic testing and expressed high hopes regarding its potential applications. Overall, interest for pharmacogenomics was shared equally among the three groups. In contrast, after adjusting for age, gender, education and income, healthy individuals were more likely to voice concerns about potential employment (P=0.008 vs HF, odds ratio (OR)=2.93, confidence interval (CI)=1.33-6.47; P=0.010 vs Transplant, OR=2.46, CI=1.24-4.90) and insurance discrimination (P=0.001 vs HF, OR=5.58, CI=2.01-15.48; P<0.001 vs Transplant, OR=4.98, CI=2.03-12.21) and were possibly more worried by confidentiality issues. These findings highlight the need for strict legislation and proper educational strategies directed at the general population to facilitate the clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics.

[Alteration of calcium signaling as one of the mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and diabetic polyneuropathy].

This review is devoted to the action of amyloid-beta peptide on the functional activity of intracellular and plasmalemmal calcium-regulated structures in cultured hyppocampal neurons: mitochondria and voltage-gated calcium channels. A comparative analysis of relative changes of plasmalemmal structures in such neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's illness and diabetic neuropathy has been made.

Factors affecting biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol by Alcaligenes sp. in aerobic reactors.

The influence of variations in carbon source concentration, cell inocula, pH, presence of other substrates, and other organisms on the biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) was studied for Alcaligenes sp. isolated from natural sources. Assays of biodegradation were performed in batch and continuous-flow fluidized-bed aerobic reactors. Evaluation of biodegradation was performed by determining total phenols, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 2-CP by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. Measurement of microbial growth was carried out by the plate count method. Bioassays of acute toxicity were performed to evaluate detoxification by using Daphnia magna. Results obtained show that under batch conditions with initial inocula of 10(6) cells/mL the strain grew exponentially with 100, 200, and 300 mg/L of 2-CP within 48 hr. A lag period was observed with low cell density inocula (10(5) cells/mL). The strain showed marked delay in the biodegradation of 2-CP at pH 5. Removal of target substrate from mixtures containing other carbon sources demonstrated the possibility of concurrent growth. Mineralization of 2-CP was assessed by gas chromatography carried out at the end of the batch assays and at the exit of the continuous-flow reactor. The presence of other organisms (bacteria, rotifers, ciliate, and algae) that developed in the fluidized-bed reactor did not affect the efficacy of the biodegradation of 2-CP. The removal of 2-CP in the two assayed systems was over 97% in all cases. Toxicity was not detected at the exit of the continuous reactor.

[Surgical strategies in combined injury of pelvic bones and organs]. / Khirurhichna taktyka pry poiednanomu poshkodzhenni kistok taza ta ioho orhaniv.

Experience of surgical treatment of the damaged pelvic bones and its organs in 124 injured persons was summarized. The authors consider, that in combined trauma of pelvis and its organs it is necessary to undertake maximally possible reanimational-surgical measures during 12-72 hours after trauma occurrence, depending on its severity, character of injury of pelvic organs and bones. External fixation is the method of choice in unstable fracture of pelvic bones in early period of traumatic disease. Mortality was 10.5% (13 injured persons). Application of an active surgical tactics in early period of traumatic disease had promoted the shortening of the infectional complications frequency as well as of duration of stationary treatment in 2 times.

[The surgical choice strategies in the treatment of femoral bone fractures in injured persons with combined trauma]. / Vybor khirurgicheskoi taktiki pri lechenii pereloma bedrennoi kosti u postradavshikh s sochetannoi travmoi.

In 1990-1999 years osteosynthesis of the hip bone was performed in 500 injured persons with combined trauma. In 63.1% patients the plates were used, in 19.6%--pivots, in 17.3%--apparatuses of external fixation. The choice of the method and optimal terms of performance of the surgical stabilization procedure of fracture were determined by the trauma severity in accordance with anatomo-functional model. In 12-18 months after the operation 198 patients were examined. Good result was noted in 79.6% of patients, satisfactory--in 17.3%, bad--in 3.1%.

Biodegradación de 2-clorofenol en reactores aeróbicos empleando microorganismos autóctonos

Se describen los resultados obtenidos en ensayos de biodegradación de 2-CP, empleando reactores "batch" y de lecho fluidizado (LF), operados aerobiamente y con microorganismos autóctonos especificamente seleccionados y optimizados

Biodegradación de 2-clorofenol en reactores aeróbicos empleando microorganismos autóctonos

Se describen los resultados obtenidos en ensayos de biodegradación de 2-CP, empleando reactores "batch" y de lecho fluidizado (LF), operados aerobiamente y con microorganismos autóctonos especificamente seleccionados y optimizados

Biodegradación de 2-clorofenol en reactores aeróbicos empleando microorganismos autóctonos

Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: Seleccionar e identificar microorganismos capaces de biodegradar 2-clorofenol en distintos procesos aeróbios; Determinar la cinética y la velocidad de degradación a escala laboratorio empleando reactores batch; Establecer la efectividad de un reactor de lecho fluidizado aeróbico relleno con carbón activado granular para remover 2-CP como única fuente de carbono, suministrando como nutrientes un fertilizante foliar agrícola de uso comercial; Evaluar la remoción de toxicidad a través de bioensayos

[Water disinfection: comparative activities of ozone and chlorine on a wide spectrum of bacteria]. / Desinfección de agua: acción comparativa del ozono y cloro sobre un amplio espectro bacteriano.

Ozone and chlorine are agents that disinfect by destroying, neutralizing or inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The treatment of drinking water with ozone has shown to be more efficient against spores of Bacillus subtilis. It was observed that the ozone already in dose of 0.35 mg/l produced the reduction of at least 5 log in populations of approximately 1 x 10(6) cells/ml of Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. With a dose of 0.50 mg/l of chlorine, the reduction was much smaller for the tested microorganisms (except Vibrio cholerae), while the effect of 2 mg/l of chlorine was similar to the ozone treatment. For spores of Bacillus subtilis, the reduction observed with ozone concentrations of 0.35 and 0.70 mg/l was of almost 3 log, while no considerable effect was obtained with chlorine in the tested conditions. Our results have shown that both disinfectans were consumed during the treatment period, probably because of the own water demand and the added bacterial mass.

Desinfección de agua: acción comparativa del ozono y cloro sobre un amplio espectro bacteriano / [Water disinfection: comparative activities of ozone and chlorine on a wide spectrum of bacteria]

Ozone and chlorine are agents that disinfect by destroying, neutralizing or inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The treatment of drinking water with ozone has shown to be more efficient against spores of Bacillus subtilis. It was observed that the ozone already in dose of 0.35 mg/l produced the reduction of at least 5 log in populations of approximately 1 x 10(6) cells/ml of Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. With a dose of 0.50 mg/l of chlorine, the reduction was much smaller for the tested microorganisms (except Vibrio cholerae), while the effect of 2 mg/l of chlorine was similar to the ozone treatment. For spores of Bacillus subtilis, the reduction observed with ozone concentrations of 0.35 and 0.70 mg/l was of almost 3 log, while no considerable effect was obtained with chlorine in the tested conditions. Our results have shown that both disinfectans were consumed during the treatment period, probably because of the own water demand and the added bacterial mass.

Desinfección de agua: acción comparativa del ozono y cloro sobre un amplio espectro bacteriano. / [Water disinfection: comparative activities of ozone and chlorine on a wide spectrum of bacteria]

Ozone and chlorine are agents that disinfect by destroying, neutralizing or inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The treatment of drinking water with ozone has shown to be more efficient against spores of Bacillus subtilis. It was observed that the ozone already in dose of 0.35 mg/l produced the reduction of at least 5 log in populations of approximately 1 x 10(6) cells/ml of Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. With a dose of 0.50 mg/l of chlorine, the reduction was much smaller for the tested microorganisms (except Vibrio cholerae), while the effect of 2 mg/l of chlorine was similar to the ozone treatment. For spores of Bacillus subtilis, the reduction observed with ozone concentrations of 0.35 and 0.70 mg/l was of almost 3 log, while no considerable effect was obtained with chlorine in the tested conditions. Our results have shown that both disinfectans were consumed during the treatment period, probably because of the own water demand and the added bacterial mass.

Complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome II.

In the framework of the EU genome-sequencing programmes, the complete DNA sequence of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II (807 188 bp) has been determined. At present, this is the largest eukaryotic chromosome entirely sequenced. A total of 410 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, covering 72% of the sequence. Similarity searches revealed that 124 ORFs (30%) correspond to genes of known function, 51 ORFs (12.5%) appear to be homologues of genes whose functions are known, 52 others (12.5%) have homologues the functions of which are not well defined and another 33 of the novel putative genes (8%) exhibit a degree of similarity which is insufficient to confidently assign function. Of the genes on chromosome II, 37-45% are thus of unpredicted function. Among the novel putative genes, we found several that are related to genes that perform differentiated functions in multicellular organisms of are involved in malignancy. In addition to a compact arrangement of potential protein coding sequences, the analysis of this chromosome confirmed general chromosome patterns but also revealed particular novel features of chromosomal organization. Alternating regional variations in average base composition correlate with variations in local gene density along chromosome II, as observed in chromosomes XI and III. We propose that functional ARS elements are preferably located in the AT-rich regions that have a spacing of approximately 110 kb. Similarly, the 13 tRNA genes and the three Ty elements of chromosome II are found in AT-rich regions. In chromosome II, the distribution of coding sequences between the two strands is biased, with a ratio of 1.3:1. An interesting aspect regarding the evolution of the eukaryotic genome is the finding that chromosome II has a high degree of internal genetic redundancy, amounting to 16% of the coding capacity.

[The characteristics of lipid metabolism in children with primary arterial hypertension]. / Osobennosti lipidnogo obmena u detei s pervichnoi arterial'noi gipertenziei.

Overall 183 children with arterial hypertension (AH) were examined. Of these, 122 suffered from primary arterial hypertension (PAH). The lipid spectrum was defined in blood plasma of 95 children with PAH and in 30 normals. The same investigation was carried out in 109 parents of the children suffering from PAH. The lipid spectrum was established to be heterogeneous. 77.9% of the patients had dyslipidemia. A significant relationship was established between the stage of PAH and the nature of lipidemia as was a close interrelation between alterations in the lipid spectrum of blood plasma and hereditary load as regards essential hypertension.