RESUMO
Determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride according to the European Pharmacopoeia 4.0 In the Ph.Eur. 4.0 assay pyridoxine hydrochloride is titrated by sodium hydroxide 0.1 mol x 1(-1) in ethanolic solution. The impossibility of a correct evaluation of the titration curve is shown both in theory and practice. The new method in Ph.Eur. 4.04 is an acidimetric titration of the base chloride. In a mixture of formic acid/acetic anhydride the titration is made by perchloric acid. Because some critical points in this assay an alternative method is developed. This method is robust and should give results with high accuracy.
Assuntos
Piridoxina/análise , Anidridos Acéticos , Europa (Continente) , Formiatos , Indicadores e Reagentes , Percloratos/química , Farmacopeias como Assunto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Hidróxido de SódioRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to analyse functional and cognitive outcomes in patients receiving early rehabilitation treatment after surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: The assessment protocol included all relevant clinical data, the Hunt-Hess scale, the functional independence measure (FIM), and the mini mental state examination (MMSE). RESULTS: Of 59 patients included in the study, 52.5% (31) were men and 47.5% (28) were women. The patients' average age was 52 years, and 57.6% were employed at the time of the aneurysm rupture. The mean duration of hospital stay was 25 days; 67.8% (40) of the patients were discharged home. At discharge, 72.7% of the patients were without any motor impairment, but 59.6% showed cognitive impairment. By the time of discharge, 43.4% (23) of the patients had attained independence in activites of daily living, 18.9% (10) needed intermittent supervision, and 37.7% (20) required constant supervision in the performance of these activities. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of cognitive impairment has predictive value for the functional status and the level of supervision required at discharge.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Dano Encefálico Crônico/reabilitação , Deambulação Precoce , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/reabilitação , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/cirurgia , Atividades Cotidianas/classificação , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exame Neurológico , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de SaúdeRESUMO
Many dentists have patients in their practice with mandibular exostoses, termed torus mandibularis. The majority of these asymptomatic, benign bony outgrowths remain undisturbed over the patient's lifetime. However, the tori occasionally need to be removed. The differential diagnosis for the tori are discussed as well as the indications and techniques for their removal. Various hypotheses concerning the etiology and epidemiology of torus mandibularis are also reviewed.
