The Global Genome Biodiversity Network (GGBN) Data Standard specification.

Genomic samples of non-model organisms are becoming increasingly important in a broad range of studies from developmental biology, biodiversity analyses, to conservation. Genomic sample definition, description, quality, voucher information and metadata all need to be digitized and disseminated across scientific communities. This information needs to be concise and consistent in today's ever-increasing bioinformatic era, for complementary data aggregators to easily map databases to one another. In order to facilitate exchange of information on genomic samples and their derived data, the Global Genome Biodiversity Network (GGBN) Data Standard is intended to provide a platform based on a documented agreement to promote the efficient sharing and usage of genomic sample material and associated specimen information in a consistent way. The new data standard presented here build upon existing standards commonly used within the community extending them with the capability to exchange data on tissue, environmental and DNA sample as well as sequences. The GGBN Data Standard will reveal and democratize the hidden contents of biodiversity biobanks, for the convenience of everyone in the wider biobanking community. Technical tools exist for data providers to easily map their databases to the standard.Database URL: http://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/GGBN_Data_Standard.

[Nature of animal husbandry in the community systems and the administrative and legal status of the veterinary medical services in agroindustrial complexes]. / Kharakter na zhivotnovudstvoto v selishtnite sistemi i administrativno-praven statut na veterinarnomeditsinskite sluzhbi v agrarno-promishlenite kompleksi.

A characteristic is given of the public, private, and auxiliary system of animal breeding within the structure of the community systems. Important integrational links are stated to exist between these three categories of farms. On the base of the contractual system with private animal breeding a solid trend concerning the stock production seems to be established. In connection with the new character of animal husbandry the changes that have taken place in the territorial community structure and the implementation of the system of providing the supply of meat, milk, eggs, and fish of own resources have substantiated the necessity to stabilize the administrative and juridical statute of the veterinary service on the agro-industrial complexes with a view to guaranteeing the more effective veterinary service with all categories of farms. A suggestion is made to transfer the veterinary establishments from the agro-industrial complexes to the community systems, with responsibilities and rights of their own for the entire and dependable veterinary service in aid of the community systems.

[Labor expenditure from the viewpoint of work standardization and planning for veterinary specialists in meat-packing combines]. / Prouchvane vurkhu razkhoda na trud s ogled normirane i planirane na truda na veterinarnite spetsialisti v mesokombinatite.

A functional analysis and investigation was carried out on the character of labour input of vets responsible for the veterinary and sanitary control in the field of meat production and processing at five meat combines of variable volume of production and equipped with different technical means. Photos and self-photos of the working time and chronometric studies were made to find the amount of work done by vets for the specific types of activity. Investigations showet that all veterinary types of work guaranteeing an overall veterinary and sanitary control on the animals and products derived from them, including the keeping of specific veterinary records required 10 min. for a large animal, 4.8 min. for a swine, and 2.6 min. for a small ruminant. On the basis of these time-consuming norms labour stansardization and normatives for the number of persons engaged in the veterinary service responsible for the veterinary-and-sanitary control in the meat-producing combines were worked out.

[Use of administrative and economic methods in managing veterinary affairs]. / Vurkhu rilozhenieto na administrativnite i ikonomicheskite metodi v upravlenieto na veterinarnoto delo.

The possibilities are stated of using the administrative and economic methods in the administration of the veterinary service. It is stressed that the two types of methods are applied in combination. Administrative methods are to be employed in the control of epizootics, including zoonoses, and in the veterinary and sanitary control, resp. surveillance and inspection. Both types of methods are equally referred to in the control of parasitic diseases with epizootic course of development as well as in the control of diseases caused by occasionally pathogenic organisms. The use of economic methods is prevailing in the control of noninfectious diseases, and in the administration of bioproduct and drug production.

[Essence of scientific and technical achievements and the nature of the effect of veterinary medical research]. / Sushtnost na nauchno-tekhnicheskite postizheniia i kharakter na efekta ot nauchnoizsledovatelskata veterinarnomeditsinska deinost.

An attempt is made at elucidating the essence of veterinary scientific and technological achievements and the character of the effect of their implementation. On the basis of a structural analysis veterinary scientific investigations are grouped as: theoretical-fundamental, scientific-applicative and scientific-technological elaborations. Starting out from the character of the effect that is achieved through their application, the scientific works, as well as the scientific and technological achievements in the field of veterinary medicine, are categorized as follows: cognitive (New knowledge), technical and technological (medico-biological), socio-sanitary, economic and those having a mixed effect (cognitive- medico-biological, medico-biological-socio-sanitary, socio-sanitary and economic, etc. The identification of the various types of effects requires the elaboration of respective criteria, as well as a system of indexes for their characterization, a qualitative and a quantitative determination, as necessary conditions for determining the effectiveness of research veterinary works and that of research technological achievement.