Doxorubicin aqueous systems at low concentrations: Interconnection between self-organization, fluorescent and physicochemical properties, and action on hydrobionts.

Doxorubicin (Dox) is a highly effective cytostatic antibiotic that exhibits activity against a wide range of malignant neoplasms and is often used as the basis of various anti-tumor compositions. However, the use of Dox in therapeutic doses is associated with high systemic toxicity, which makes it urgent to find ways to reduce therapeutic concentrations, which is necessary primarily to minimize the side effects on the patient's body, as well as to reduce the harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems, commonly polluted by toxic pharmaceuticals. Studying the self-organization, physicochemical and spectral patterns, and their relation to bioeffects of Dox solutions in the range of low concentrations can reveal useful insights into the unknown effects of Dox as a cytostatic and potential pollutant of ecosystems. The self-organization in solutions and on substrates, physicochemical and spectral properties, and action of Dox solutions on hydrobionts were studied in the range of calculated concentrations from 1·10-20 to 1·10-4 M by methods of dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering (DLS and ELS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), fluorescence spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, conductometry, tensiometry, pH-metry. Certified techniques for monitoring the toxicity of natural water and wastewater were used to establish the interconnection between these phenomena. It was shown that aqueous solutions of Dox are dispersed systems which rearrange their dispersed phase measuring hundreds of nm in size (nanoassociates) at dilution, followed by concerted changes in nanoassociates' parameters (size and ζ-potential) and properties of systems, as well as their bioassay results. SPM and SEM results confirm and complement the DLS and ELS data indicating the existence of nanoassociates in dilute Dox solutions.

L-Tryptophan Aqueous Systems at Low Concentrations: Interconnection between Self-Organization, Fluorescent and Physicochemical Properties, and Action on Hydrobionts.

As shown by fluorescence monitoring of dissolved organic matter, amino acid L-Trp can be present in natural water. The consequences of the presence of L-Trp at low concentrations in surface water systems are not yet established for hydrobionts. Studying the physicochemical patterns, as well as their relationships to the bioeffects of L-Trp solutions in the low concentration range, can provide new and important information regarding the unknown effects of L-Trp. The self-organization, physicochemical properties, fluorescence, UV absorption, and action of L-Trp solutions on Paramecium caudatum infusoria, Chlorella vulgaris algae were studied in the calculated concentrations range of 1 × 10-20-1 × 10-2 mol/L. The relationship between these phenomena was established using the certified procedures for monitoring the toxicity of natural water and wastewater. It was shown for the first time that aqueous solutions of L-Trp are dispersed systems in which the dispersed phase (nanoassociates) undergoes a rearrangement with dilution, accompanied by coherent changes in the nanoassociates' parameters and the properties of systems. The non-monotonic concentration dependence of fluorescence intensity (λex at 225 nm, λem at 340 nm) is in good agreement with the data on the nanoassociates' parameters, as well as with both the physicochemical properties of the systems and their bioassay results.