[Phytoplankton in reservoir R-11 of Techa reservoir cascade of Industrial Association "Maiak"].

Phytoplankton of reservoir R-11 was investigated at vegetative seasons of 2007 and 2008. R-11 is a locking reservoir in the cascade of Mayak PA reservoirs. The specific activity in water of R-11 ranged from 0.9 to 1.8 kBq/dm for 90Sr and from 0.98 to 3.97 kBq/dm3 for 137Cs; in bottom sediments it ranged from 20 to 400 kBq/kg for 90Sr and from 0.35 to 220 kBq/kg for 137Cs. Concentration of SO4- exceeded the maximum permissible concentration for fishing reservoirs in 5-7 times. The content of 90Sr in the phytoplankton has made 400 kBq/kg (for dry weight), and 137Cs--2.20 kBq/kg (for dry weight). The absorbed dose of irradiation for the phytoplankton calculated under the content of 137Cs and 90Sr in water and in phytoplankton (the external irradiation from activity of bottom sediments was not considered) has made 901 mGy per year. Altogether the phytoplankton of reservoir R-11 included 107 species. Such species of Cyanobacteriae as Oscillatoria agardhii Gom. was the dominant in phytoplanktonic community. Another Cyanobacteriae, Lyngbya limnetica Lemm. and Aphanizomenonflos-aquae (L.) Ralfs. acted the most important part in a complex of species-subdominants. According to quantitative development of the phytoplankton the reservoir R-11 can be classified as P-mezosaprobe waters.

[Present-day 90Sr and 137Cs contamination levels of soil and agricultural products in the East-Urals Radioactive Trace area].

Data represent present-day 90Sr and 137Cs contamination levels of soil and agricultural products (grain, vegetables and forage crops, milk and meat) in the East-Urals Radioactive Trace area, and the accumulation coefficients of these radionuclides in cash crop.

[The state of radioactive pollution in the Techa River].

The concentration of radionuclides in the upper river water depends on radionuclides flow from the Techa Cascade of Reservoirs (TCR) with filtration waters and water of bypass canals. Further concentration dynamics over the river depends on floodplain and bottom sediments contamination level. Perennial concentration dynamics of 90Sr and 137Cs in the Techa River water is stably decreases. At present time concentration of 90Sr in the water depends on TCR inflow mainly and concentration of 137Cs depends on the outflow from contaminated swampy floodplain of the upper rive. From the dam-11 to the river entry radionuclides content in the silt, as well as in the water is stably decreases. Specific activity of 137Cs in the silts is 5 rates higher than in the water and 90Sr - 3 rates higher. In the silts 137Cs prevails in the difficult of access forms, 90Sr prevails in the exchangeable and moveable forms. The highest contamination density of floodplain soils is registered in the Asanov and Muslyumov swamps area. With time content of 90Sr and 137Cs planes along the soil septh, so overall deposits are decreases. The floodplain soils contains 66.5% of 90Sr in water soluble and exchangeable forms and 94.3% of 137Cs in difficult of access forms.

[Radioecological situation in the Iset riverside settlements].

This paper presents the results of radioecological study of the Iset River and riverside settlements in 1961-2002. In 1961, specific activity of 90Sr in the Iset River water below the Techa River mouth was 44.4 Bq/l and decreased to 3.2 Bq/l in 2002. Annual Techa River run-offinto the Iset River was, on average, 2 x 10(12) Bq of 90Sr in 2000-2004. Density 90Sr-contamination of floodplain soils decreased downstream the Iset River from 146.1 to 37.1 kBq/m2 near the Iset River mouth. In 1977, 90Sr-specific activity of fish muscles was 18 Bq/kg and decreased to 2 Bq/kg in 2002. An average 90Sr-specific activity in milk in settlements located at distances of 12-26 km from the Techa River mouth was 10.2 Bq/l in 1961 and 1.2 Bq/l in 2001. The rate of 90Sr transfer in chain "floodplain soils --> milk" was 2 x 10(-5) (Bq/l)/(Bq/m2). Annual dietary 90Sr-intake by adult residents of the Iset riverside settlements did not exceed an annual limit of intake in 1964-2002.

[Lethal developmental defects in the offspring of a population living in a territory with traces of radioactivity]. / Letal'nye poroki razvitiia u potomstvo naseleniia, prozhivaiushchego na territorii radioaktivnogo sleda.

The paper is concerned with the materials of a study of long-term effects of irradiation at small doses of a limited population, taking by way of example lethal developmental defects in descendants. In 1957 a radioactive trace was formed as a result of an explosion of a tank with highly active radiochemical by-products. The population in this area was exposed to irradiation. Mortality from lethal developmental defects in the descendants was analyzed. The data obtained have shown that the effect on the gonads of external irradiation at doses of 0.1-0.5 Sv (33,500 persons) revealed no statistically significant variations in the mortality of the descendants from developmental defects as compared to the controls.

[The medical sequelae of the radiation accident in the Southern Urals in 1957]. / Meditsinskie posledstviia radiatsionnoi avarii na Iuzhnom Urale v 1957.

As a result of an accidental outburst of long-lived radionuclides at the nearest zone of the trace, a dose rate of gamma-radiation was several dozen CGy/h and in the open country at some populated areas it was 0.1 CGy/h. The evacuation of 10730 persons permitted a decrease of possible radiation doses 2-24-fold. A follow-up of persons who had been exposed to the highest effective equivalent doses of radiation before the evacuation revealed unstable indices of leukocytes and platelets (however they were within normal variations) in the first 2 years. Morbidity and mortality rates among the adults, the rates of congenital diseases and pediatric mortality did not differ from the control values. The rate of families having children born from persons aged 10 to 30 at the time of the accident did not differ from the similar rates for the USSR; this rate was lower by 5-10% than the control values for persons aged 0 to 9 at that time. Standardized birth rates in the study group (31 x 8,10(-3)) were much higher than in the control group (18 x 4,10(-3)).

[Ultrasonic phlebography in circulatory failure]. / Ul'trazvokovaia flebografiia pri nedostatochnosti krovoobrashcheniia.

Ultrasound phlebography was used in 67 patients with circulatory failure and 40 normal persons to study the linear parameters of the abdominal veins. The parallelism was revealed between the intensity of circulatory failure and reduction of the changes in the main venous vessels during the respiratory test with the body being in the horizontal and vertical positions. Ultrasound phlebography of the inferior vena cava and liver veins makes it possible to establish circulatory failure in the greater circulation at an early stage. The examination of the portal veins appeared to be of the informative value only at late stages of circulatory failure.