[Changes in the production of interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-2 in relation to the immunity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Izmeneniia v produktsii interleikina-1beta, faktora nekroza opukholi alfa i interleukina-2 v zavisimosti ot sostoianiia immuniteta u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

The specific features of production of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-2 were studied in 74 patients with various forms of tuberculosis by taking into account the magnitude of an immunological response. Tuberculin, phytohemagglutinin, prodigiosine were used as inducers of the synthesis of cytokines. Heterodirection was found in the changes of elaboration of cytokines in similar immunological disorders in persons with different clinical forms of tuberculosis. Examination of patients with infiltrative tuberculosis indicated that the increased synthesis of TNF-alpha and IL-2 was to a greater extent associated with the activation of cell-mediated immunity and that of IL-1 beta with its inhibition. The relationships found between the production of cytokines and IgA and IgM levels are suggestive of their involvement in the regulation of immunoglobulin synthesis. Cytokine spectral alterations are associated with the changes in specific lymphocytic populations. In patients with infiltrative tuberculosis, the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta was directly related to the proportion of CD4+ and CDS8+ and that of IL-2 is associated with the proportion of CD25+ and CD20+ and with the count of lymphocytes. At tuberculin stimulation of mononuclear cells, it is expedient to bear in mind the detection rate of cytokines and the level of their production. It was shown that the measurement of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-2 may be used in the treatment of tuberculosis to assess the patients' immunological response and in the choice of immunomodulating therapy.

[Production of cytokines in different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Produktsiia tsitokinov pri razlichnykh formakh tuberkuleza legkikh.

The relationship of the production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) to the pattern and etiology was studied in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 74) and nontuberculous lung diseases (n = 28). There was an inverse correlation between the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha and the main T-cellular immunity IL-2. An exacerbation of a tuberculous process is accompanied by an increase in IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha productions and by a decrease in inducted IL-2 synthesis. With favourable changes, there was, on the contrary, a reduction in the levels of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha and a rise in IL-2. There were differences in the rate of cytokine synthesis in pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer, and pneumonia. Patients with cancer are most typified by the spontaneous mononuclear production of serum TNF-alpha and by the low level of IL-2 when PGA is stimulated. On the contrary, the least TNF-alpha synthesis and pronounced IL-2 production in pneumonia. A combination of the high production of PPD-induced IL-1 beta and PGA-stimulated IL-2 is more specific to patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis.

[Interconnection of interleukin-1 and glucocorticoid hormones in regulating the immune response]. / Vzaimosviaz' interleikina-1 i gliukokortikoidnykh gormonov v reguliatsii immunnogo otveta.

IL-1 and hydrocortisone have an opposite and competitive effect on the lymphocyte proliferation in cell culture. In mice recombinant human IL-1 beta dose-dependently induces high level serum corticosterone. Injection of IL-1 beta or hydrocortisone led to a similar alterations in the thymus: reduction of cellularity and decrease in spontaneous thymocyte proliferation. On the other hand in the same doses IL-1 beta stimulates spleen cell proliferation. IL-2 production and enhances serum antibody titres and the number of antibody producing cells in spleen of mice immunized with T-dependent antigen.

[Cloning and structural analysis of cDNA coding for human prointerleukin-1 alpha and prointerleukin-1 beta]. / Klonirovanie i strukturnyi analiz kDNK, kodiruiushchikh prointerleikin-1 alpha i prointerleikin-1 beta cheloveka.

The data are presented on the cloning and structural analysis of the cDNA coding for human prointerleukin-1 alpha and prointerleukin-1 beta (proIL-1 alpha and proIL-1 beta). The nucleotide sequences of proIL-1 alpha and proIL-1 beta cDNAs have been compared with the sequences published earlier. The nucleotide changes resulting in the aminoacid changes of the protein were not found. Some nucleotide changes were identified within the 3'-nontranslated region of the proIL-1 beta cDNA. The existence of the allelic variants for interleukin genes registered only on the gene level has been supposed.

[Interleukin-1-like factor from human B-lymphocytes transformed by the Epstein-Barr virus]. / Interleikin-1-podobnyi faktor iz B-limfotsitov cheloveka, transformirovannykh virusom Epshteina--Barra.

The NC-37, EBV-transformed human B-lymphoblastoid cell line spontaneously produces interleukin (IL)-1-like factor, which is able to stimulate proliferation of mouse thymocytes and human fibroblasts. The IL-1-like factor production can be enhanced by prodigiozan and by the conditioned medium of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The NC-37 cells have a membrane-associated form of IL-1-like factor also. The molecular mass of the intracellular precursor of this factor determined by gel-filtration is 35-40 kDa, and that of the secretory form--18-20 kDa. The secretory form has the following isoelectric points: 4.5; 6.8; 7.2-8.4.

[Isolation and properties of interleukin 1 from human blood monocytes]. / Poluchenie i svoistva interleikina-1 iz monotsitov krovi cheloveka.

Among different tested substances LPS-containing preparations were found to be most effective inducers of secretory interleukin-1 in human peripheral blood monocytes in vitro. IL-1 from supernatant of prodigiozan- + con A-stimulated monocytes had a MM of 18-20 KD and pI of 5.2-5.4 and 6.8 revealing an equal comitogenic activity and of 6.0 (minor peak).