[Morphological changes in the epithelium of the auditory tube with prolonged respiratory support in children of the first year of life]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniya epiteliya slukhovoi truby pri dlitel'noi respiratornoi podderzhke u detei pervogo goda zhizni.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the condition of the epithelium of the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube in premature and full-term infants with prolonged respiratory support using noninvasive assisted ventilation (continuous positive airway pressure - CPAP) and artificial lung ventilation (ventilator). MATERIAL AND METHODS: All the obtained material is distributed relative to the gestation period into the main and control groups. The main group (25 children) is represented by premature and full-term live-born children who were on respiratory support for a period of several hours to 2 months, the average gestation period of which was 30 weeks and 40 weeks, respectively. The control group (8 children) is represented by stillborn newborns with an average gestation period of 28 weeks. The study was conducted posthumously. RESULTS: Prolonged use of respiratory support in premature and full-term children, regardless of the type (CPAP or ventilator), leads to a violation of the row of cilia of the ciliated epithelium, various inflammatory processes, as well as to the expansion of the ducts of the mucous glands of the epithelium of the auditory tube, which affects its drainage system. CONCLUSION: Prolonged respiratory support causes destructive changes in the epithelium of the auditory tube, which make it difficult to evacuate the mucous discharge from the tympanic cavity. This negatively affects the ventilation function of the auditory tube and in the future may lead to the development of chronic exudative otitis media.

[The functional state of the auditory analyzer in prematurely born infants (after 29 weeks of gestation) at 6 months of life].

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the functional state of the auditory analyzer in infants born prematurely (after 29 weeks of gestation) and examined at 6 months of life. The evoked otoacoustic emission (EOAE) techniques were used for the purpose. Testing with the help of two different modes of EOAE yielded virtually identical results which confirms the possibility to apply both delayed EOAE (dEOAE) and distortion-product frequency OAE (dpOAE) for the assessment of the auditory function. It is concluded that the degree of cochlear development in prematurely born infants (after 29 weeks of gestation) examined by the dpOAE technique at 6 months of life is significantly different from that in children born between the gestation age of 33 and 37 weeks.

[The functional state of the cochlea in premature infants born before 28 weeks gestation on the 6th month of life].

The objective of the present study was to assess the state of the peripheral portion of the auditory analyzer based on induced otoacoustic emissions (IOAEs), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and delayed IOAEs (DIOAEs). The study included 31 premature infants born before 28 weeks gestation and examined later on the 6th month of postnatal life. All of them were shown to have the underdeveloped cochlea. It was shown that the DPOAEs technique makes it possible to record induced otoacoustic emissions more frequently than the DIOAEs method. It is concluded that the hearing function in premature infants born before 28 weeks gestation should be evaluated on the 6th month of postnatal life based on two classes of emission.

Effects of amikacin on maturation of the auditory analyzer in rabbits.

We studied the dynamics of maturation of the hearing function by records of short-term latent brainstem evoked potentials and the effect of amikacin on maturation of the hearing function. The peripheral compartment of the auditory analyzer matures sooner than the central structures. Amikacin in therapeutic doses exhibited an ototoxic effect on the peripheral compartment of the auditory analyzer without impairing its central structures.

[The importance of studying ENT organs in premature infants].

Otorhinolaryngological examination makes it possible to objectively evaluate the state of ENT organs in prematurely born babies, take adequate measures to ensure their survival, undertake early prevention of ENT pathologies, carry out rehabilitation in case of post-resuscitation or congenital complications, and form groups of children selected for the follow-up and further treatment by an otorhinolaryngologist.

[Endoscopic laser surgery in combined nasopharyngeal and middle ear pathology in children with conductive hypoacusis].

Endoscopic laser surgery on lymphoid structures of the nasopharynx near the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube was made with Lazon-10P laser in 67 children aged 3 to 14 years with documented exudative otitis media (EOM). All the children had conductive hypoacusis. Children who had tympanogram of type B and in whom otoscopy detected exudate behind the tympanic membrane were subjected to one-stage laser tympanostomy in the anteroinferior quadrant of the tympanic membrane followed by transtympanic drug introduction into the tympanic cavity. Tympanostoma closed spontaneously 3 weeks later. Normal hearing recovered in all the children. Diagnostic endoscopy of the nasopharynx can reveal causes underlying dysfunction of the auditory tube. The results demonstrate high efficacy of the methods allowing elimination of mechanical occlusion of the auditory tube in the region of its pharyngeal opening with one-stage intervention on the middle ear.