RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Changes in mandibular cortical bone have been documented in children with chronic diseases but not in healthy populations. AIM: We aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the mandibular cortical bone of a healthy paediatric population using dental panoramic radiographs (DPTs). The secondary objective was to assess the effect of dental status on cortical bone. DESIGN: The DPTs of 660 individuals, aged 6-18 years, were evaluated by two blinded examiners. Bone was qualitatively categorized according to the Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI), and its width was calculated using the Mandibular Cortical Width Index (MCW). Differences between gender and age were tested using Fisher's exact and correlation with dental status with the chi-square test. RESULTS: A significant correlation was observed between bone morphology and gender, with girls having more frequent even and sharp endosteal margins than boys, who showed semilunar defects. The degree of erosion increased with age, as did bone thickness. A positive correlation between thickness and type of dentition was recorded, with normal bone predominating in children in the mixed dentition stage. Νο correlation was found between bone morphology or thickness and the factors associated with dental status. CONCLUSIONS: Bone quality and quantity vary significantly between different genders and age groups. Dental needs and treatment characteristics did not seem to affect the above parameters.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Prevalence and demographic characteristics of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) differ in different countries. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess TDI in primary and permanent teeth among children and adolescents who presented to the Department of Paediatric Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, during the last 5 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dental records of 236 new patients who presented with dento-alveolar trauma to the Postgraduate Dental Clinic from 1/1/2014 to 31/12/2019 were reviewed. Data recorded were gender, age, month of the year the injury occurred, type of trauma, and number of traumatized teeth. Injuries were classified as fracture, luxation, or combination injuries. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared (x2 ), and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the results. Level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The age of the patients ranged from 1 to 18 years old, with a mean of 8.63 years (SD: 3.52). There were 395 anterior traumatized teeth and 2 cases with traumatized posterior teeth. Children suffered trauma more often at the ages of 5 years, 7 years, and 11 years. In this cohort, 60% were boys who had a higher chance of having trauma than girls (odds ratio = 1.418 95% CI = 0.724, 2.777). Most TDI occurred in March and May, followed by June and February, and most traumatized teeth were permanent (80%). Maxillary central incisors in both dentitions were injured most often and significantly more compared to lateral incisors (p < 0 .01). The most common type of injury was a fracture in the permanent dentition (60%) and luxation injuries (69%) in the primary dentition. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic dental injuries in this cohort occurred mostly in spring, affected boys more than girls, permanent teeth more than primary teeth, maxillary incisors more than mandibular incisors, and central incisors more than lateral incisors, while children aged 5, 7, and 11 years old had the most injuries.