Dietary diversity in primary schoolchildren of south-central Côte d'Ivoire and risk factors for non-communicable diseases.

BACKGROUND: A balanced nutrition is important for children's physical and cognitive development; yet, remains a challenge in many parts of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Early detection of nutritional deficiency and metabolic syndrome in school-aged children is necessary to prevent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in later life. This study aimed at obtaining baseline data on health, nutritional status, and metabolic markers of NCDs among primary schoolchildren in Côte d'Ivoire. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 620 children from 8 public primary schools located in the south-central part of Côte d'Ivoire. Underweight and overweight were defined as a body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) < 5th and 85th up to 95th percentile for sex and age, respectively. Dietary diversity of children was calculated based on a 24-hour recall conducted with the primary caretaker according to the guideline of Food and Agriculture Organization. Anaemia, malaria, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blood glucose levels (HbA1c) were assessed, using capillary blood samples. Logistic models were performed to identify risk factors associated with overweight, HDL-C, LDL-C, and HbA1c. RESULTS: Among the 620 children (330 girls, 290 boys; Mage 8.0 (± 1.7) years), 530 children attended school in a semi-urban and 90 in a rural area. Around 60% of children had a medium dietary diversity score (DDS). Children in peri-urban areas consumed more cereals (80.2% vs. 63.3%, p < 0.05). Most children were normal weight (n = 496), whereas 3.9% of children classified as prediabetic, 5% were underweight, and 15% overweight. LDL-C and HDL-C levels of children were associated with age, high DDS, and moderate anaemia. A significant association was found between prediabetes and malaria infection, as well as medium and high DDS. Overweight was associated with malaria infection and moderate anaemia. CONCLUSION: Overweight, prediabetes, low HDL-C, malaria, and anaemia are the main concerns of children's health in Taabo. Our findings highlight interactions between infectious diseases, particularly malaria, and NCD risk factors. Monitoring NCD risk and infectious disease comorbidity in LMIC paediatric populations simultaneously is essential to better understand the dual diseases burden and apply early prevention measures.

Organization of funding for community-based HIV testing in Côte d'Ivoire: potentially counterproductive search for efficiency?

Since the early 2010s, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (Pepfar) and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria have stiffened their result-based management strategies. Disbursement conditions are increasingly demanding for funded NGOs (achievement of quantified objectives, frequent reporting, and monitoring of activities), and their remuneration depends on the results achieved. This article aims to analyze the effects of this strengthening of policies based on New Public Management on local implementation of activities, based on the example of community-based HIV testing. In three health districts of Côte d'Ivoire, in 2015 and 2016, we mapped the actors involved in community-based HIV testing and conducted semi-directive interviews with members of the community-based NGOs (n = 18). The funding of local HIV testing organizations is channeled through intermediary organizations according to a complex pyramid system. This, combined with cumbersome activity reporting and data validation, results in delays in the disbursement of funds and significantly reduces the actual time available to implement activities, i.e., to less than half the time planned for this purpose. This managerialization -of both Pepfar and the Global Fund - produces the counterproductive effects against which it was supposed to fight.

Apport de l'echographie mode B dans le diagnostic de decollement de la retine

Objectifs Preciser les aspects epidemiocliniques puis repertorier les aspects echographiques des decollements retiniens. Patients et methode. 65 patients ont beneficie d'une echographie oculaire avec une sonde lineaire de haute frequence de 12 Mhz sur une duree 18 mois. Resultats. La moyenne d'age etait de 26 ans avec des extremes de2 et90 ans et une predominance masculine (46 hommes pour 19 femmes); soit un sexe ratio de 2 hommes pour une femme. Les motifs de consultation etaient domines par le traumatisme et la cataracte. L'echographie a revele 37 decollements retiniens (DR) de l'oil droit avec 25 decollements totaux et 12 decollements partiels. Par contre 38 DR etaient localises au niveau de l'oil gauche (27 total et 11 partiel). 64;62 de patients presentaient un decollement retinien total et 27;69 pour decollement retinien partiel. Les pathologies associees au decollement etaient dominee par la cataracte et l'hemorragie intra-vitreenne. Conclusion. L'echographie oculaire est un examen essentiel dans le diagnostic du decollement retinien. C'est un examen simple a realiser permettant de deceler les pathologies associees

Apport de l'echographie mode B dans le diagnostic de decollement de la retine

Objectifs Preciser les aspects epidemiocliniques puis repertorier les aspects echographiques des decollements retiniens. Patients et methode. 65 patients ont beneficie d'une echographie oculaire avec une sonde lineaire de haute frequence de 12 Mhz sur une dure 18 mois.Resultats. La moyenne d'age etait de 26 ans avec des extremes de 2 et 90 ans et une predominance masculine (46 hommes pour 19 femmes); soit un sexe ratio de 2 hommes pour une femme. Les motifs de consultation etaient domines par le traumatisme et la cataracte. L'echographie a revele 37 decollements retiniens (DR) de l'oil droit avec 25 decollements totaux et 12 decollements partiels. Par contre 38 DR etaient localises au niveau de l'oil gauche (27 total et 11 partiel). 64;62% de patients presentaient un decollement retinien total et 27;69% pour decollement retinien partiel. Les pathologies associees au decollement etaient dominee par la cataracte et l'hemorragie intra-vitreenne. Conclusion. L'echographie oculaire est un examen essentiel dans le diagnostic du decollement retinien. C'est un examen simple a realiser permettant de deceler les pathologies associees