Evaluation of body weight and visual scores for genetic improvement of Nelore cattle.

The aims of our study were to estimate genetic parameters for body weight and visual scores and to evaluate their inclusion as selection criteria in the Nelore breeding program in Brazil. The traits studied were the body weight adjusted to 210 (W210) and to 450 (W450) days of age and visual scores for body structure, finishing precocity, and muscling evaluated at weaning (BSW, FPW, and MSW) and yearling (BSY, FPY, and MSY) ages. A total of 33,242, 26,259, 23,075, and 26,057 observations were considered to analyze W210, W450, and visual scores at weaning and yearling. The significant (P < 0.05) fixed effects for all traits were farm, birth season, birth year, sex, and management group. Single-trait analyses were performed to define the most fitting model to our data using the average information restricted maximum likelihood algorithm, for weaning traits. Subsequently, these models were used in single- and two-trait analyses considering the Bayesian inference algorithm. Two-trait Bayesian analyses resulted in average direct heritability estimates for BSW, FPW, MSW, W210, BSY, FPY, MSY, and W450 of 0.28, 0.30, 0.27, 0.28, 0.40, 0.44, 0.39, and 0.50, respectively. Genetic correlations varied from 0.40 to 0.96. Benefits to animal performance can best be achieved by considering body structure, finishing precocity, and muscling as selection criteria in the Nelore breeding programs. The decision to use visual scores measured at weaning should be considered in order to decrease generation interval and assist pre-selecting individuals, expecting carcass improvements in the future progeny.

Genetic association between body composition measured by ultrasound and visual scores in Brazilian Nelore cattle.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of body composition traits measured by ultrasound, growth traits, and visual scores as well as their genetic associations in Nelore cattle. A total of 9,765, 13,285, 13,061, 12,811, 3,484, 3,484, 3,483, and 3,303 records of weight at time of ultrasound measure (W550), 12th-13th rib LM area (LMA), backfat thickness (BF), rump fat thickness (RF), visual scores for body structure (BS), finishing precocity (FP), muscling (MS), and sheath and navel characteristics (SN), respectively, were used. The model included contemporary group (defined as year and season of birth, sex, and management group) as a fixed effect and age of dam at calving and age of the animal (linear and quadratic effects) as covariates. The direct additive genetic effect was included as a random effect. The analyses also included 46,157 observations of BW adjusted to 120 d. The (co)variance components were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method using a multitrait animal model. Heritability estimates for W550, LMA, BF, RF, BS, FP, MS, and SN were 0.37 ± 0.030, 0.33 ± 0.03, 0.24 ± 0.02, 0.28 ± 0.03, 0.24 ± 0.04, 0.38 ± 0.05, 0.29 ± 0.05, and 0.38 ± 0.06, respectively. The estimated genetic correlations between visual scores and LMA were moderate and positive, ranging from 0.37 to 0.44. Similar results were obtained for the estimated genetic correlations between FP and MS with fat thickness measures (BF and RF). Low genetic correlations were estimated between SN and BS and between SN and the body composition traits, indicating that selection for body composition traits and BS will not affect sheath and navel size. The estimated genetic correlations between weight adjusted to 120 d of age (W120) and W550 and BS were high (0.87 and 0.91) and moderate with LMA (0.49 and 0.55), FP (0.37 and 0.41), and MS (0.47 and 0.55). The visual scores and ultrasound-measured body composition traits have enough genetic variation for selection purposes in Nelore cattle. Selection based on visual scores for body structure, finishing precocity and muscling should lead to desired changes in body composition albeit much more slowly than direct selection on those traits measured by ultrasound. Selection for heavier BW at early ages should lead to favorable changes in yearling LM area and visual scores.

Genetic correlations between categorical morphological traits in Nelore cattle by applying Bayesian analysis under a threshold animal model.

In this study, Bayesian analysis under a threshold animal model was used to estimate genetic correlations between morphological traits (body structure, finishing precocity and muscling) in Nelore cattle evaluated at weaning and yearling. Visual scores obtained from 7651 Nelore cattle at weaning and from 4155 animals at yearling, belonging to the Brazilian Nelore Program, were used. Genetic parameters for the morphological traits were estimated by two-trait Bayesian analysis under a threshold animal model. The genetic correlations between the morphological traits evaluated at two ages of the animal (weaning and yearling) were positive and high for body structure (0.91), finishing precocity (0.96) and muscling (0.94). These results indicate that the traits are mainly determined by the same set of genes of additive action and that direct selection at weaning will also result in genetic progress for the same traits at yearling. Thus, selection of the best genotypes during only one phase of life of the animal is suggested. However, genetic differences between morphological traits were better detected during the growth phase to yearling. Direct selection for body structure, finishing precocity and muscling at only one age, preferentially at yearling, is recommended as genetic differences between traits can be detected at this age.

Parâmetros genéticos para escore de umbigo e características de produção em bovinos da raça Nelore / Genetics parameters for umbilicus score and production characteristics in Nellore breed beef cattle

Utilizaram-se 11.310 medidas de escore visual da característica umbigo, medida aos 18 meses em bovinos, para estimar os componentes de variância, a herdabilidade e as correlações genéticas entre escore do umbigo e peso à desmama (PD) e ganho de peso da desmama ao sobreano (GP345), utilizando-se modelo animal bi-característica. Os escores de umbigo (EU) variaram de 1 (mais pendulosos) a 5 (mais curtos). Os valores de herdabilidade foram 0,31 (PD), 0,14 (GP345) e 0,29 (EU), e as correlações genéticas foram -0,05 (EUIPD) e 0,14 (EUIGP345). A correlação entre avaliação do umbigo de machos e fêmeas foi de 0,80. Conclui-se que a característica umbigo é passível de seleção e que ela não compromete a seleção para melhores PD e GP345.

Parâmetros genéticos para escore de umbigo e características de produção em bovinos da raça Nelore / Genetics parameters for umbilicus score and production characteristics in Nellore breed beef cattle

Utilizaram-se 11.310 medidas de escore visual da característica umbigo, medida aos 18 meses em bovinos, para estimar os componentes de variância, a herdabilidade e as correlações genéticas entre escore do umbigo e peso à desmama (PD) e ganho de peso da desmama ao sobreano (GP345), utilizando-se modelo animal bi-característica. Os escores de umbigo (EU) variaram de 1 (mais pendulosos) a 5 (mais curtos). Os valores de herdabilidade foram 0,31 (PD), 0,14 (GP345) e 0,29 (EU), e as correlações genéticas foram -0,05 (EUIPD) e 0,14 (EUIGP345). A correlação entre avaliação do umbigo de machos e fêmeas foi de 0,80. Conclui-se que a característica umbigo é passível de seleção e que ela não compromete a seleção para melhores PD e GP345.(AU)

In this study 11,310 visual score measurements of navel characteristic, collected from bovines, were used. Visual scores for navel (NS), ranged from 1 (the longest) to 5 (the shortest). Variance components, genetic parameters and genetic correlations between navel characteristic of 18-month old animals and growth characteristics (weaning weight -WW and weight gain from weaning to over year -WG345) were estimated using a two-traits animal model. Heritability estimates were 0.31 (NS) abd 0.14 (WG345), and the genetic correlation estimates were: -0.05 (NS×WW) and 0.14 (WW×WG345) and the estimated correlation between navel (female) ´ navel (male) was 0.80. Score navel can be object of selection and selection for shorter navel does not apparently significantly affect animal performance for WW and WG345.(AU)