[Encephalitozoon cuniculi--clinical and epidemiologic significance. Results of a preliminary serologic study in humans]. / Encephalitozoon cuniculi--klinický a epidemiologický význam. Výsledky orientacného sérologického vysetrenia u l'udí.

Recently attention in human medicine has been drawn to encephalitozoonoses. Increased liability to develop the infection is found in particular in people with an impaired immunobiological condition. Evidence of this are more numerous infections in AIDS patients. However, the impact of encephalitozoonoses cannot be ruled out in other groups of patients. This calls however for specific aimed investigations. The authors examined 98 sera of employees of a slaughterhouse for encephalitozoonosis. Five sera (5.1%) were positive. Sera of 92 forestry workers, 22 dog breeders and 150 blood donors were negative. In future it will be necessary to focus attention on seropositive subjects in conjunction with the possible transmission of the disease from animals to man.

[Rare causes of hemorrhage from the digestive tract]. / Retki izvori krvarenja iz probavnog trakta.

Some rare causes of intestinal bleeding, where diagnosing is difficult, have been shown. Cases of Meckel's diverticulum, leiomyoma and angiomas have been reported. The considerable help which can be expected from modern diagnostic procedures has been stressed, from screening using 99 m Tc Pertechnetate in diagnosing the Meckel's diverticulum and from selective angiography in diagnosing the other pathologic changes, mainly arteriovenous malformations.

[Angiodysplasia - a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding]. / Angiodysplasia - uzrok za gastrointestinalno krvarenje.

Angiodysplasia is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. The lesion has a specific appearance - markedly enlarged closely grouped veins with short channels between veins and arteries. The lesion may occur on any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but it is most often located in cecum. Its clinical manifestations are predominantly seen in patients beyond the age of 55 years. Selective angiography is the most certain way of diagnosing angiodysplasia. It can be diagnosed by endoscopy too. Resection of the inflicted part is the most successful treatment. Sometimes endoscopic coagulation or embolisation lisation have good results too. Three patients with angiodysplasia - a 74-year man, a 65-year woman with angiodysplasia on cecum and a 63-year woman with angiodysplasia on jejunum are shown. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems of this rare illness are discussed.

[The importance of the use of antibiotics after surgical procedures on the abdominal cavity]. / Smislena uporaba antibiotikov po kirurskih posegih v trebusni votlini.

Surgical drainage is the most important treatment of infections of the abdomen. In severe cases supplementary antibiotic treatment is needed. Rational selection of antimicrobial therapy is based on a thorough knowledge of the invading pathogens. It should be taken into account that most abdominal infections are polymicrobic from which both aerobes, mainly enterobacteria, and anaerobes, mainly bacteria of the genus Bacteroides, are isolated. Such infections are synergistic processes, in which multiple bacteria act together to produce the disease. A group of 75 patients with infections following abdominal surgery was entered into the study. The in vitro results demonstrated that cefoxitin with or without an aminoglycoside or clindamycin plus an aminoglycoside was effective against the isolated bacteria. Cefoxitin was active against 94.7% of strains Bacteroides, against 98.1% of strains E. coli and against the majority of other (less frequent) bacteria, except against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococci and Peptococci. Clindamycin was active against anaerobic bacteria, and against some aerobic bacteria too; but it had no effect against E. coli and the majority of other enterobacteria. The aminoglycoside were effective against enterobacteria but they showed no activity against Gram-negative non-sporing anaerobes. The clinical outcome demonstrated that clindamycin plus an aminoglycoside and cefoxitin without or (sometimes) with an aminoglycoside were effective in the therapy of mixed abdominal infections.

[Hemangiomas of the liver]. / Hemangiomi jetre.

Hepatic tumors are mostly due to metastasizing malignant lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Benign neoplasms of the liver occur rarely. The most common benign tumor is the hemangioma, the etiology of which is still poorly understood. Small hemangiomas are usually asymptomatic and found incidentally at operation or post mortem examination. The treatment of large localized hemangiomas is surgical resection. When this is not performable, we have recourse to local excision of the tumor with ligation of the adjacent blood vessels. Actinotherapy is an alternative method used in treatment of multiple non localized hemangiomas. Biopsy of hemangioma is a hazardous procedure, which may trigger off massive hemorrhage. The paper presents 4 of the 92 patients subjected to liver resection during 1975 and 1980.

[Management of liver injuries]. / Obskrba jetrenih povrijeda.

Evidently, the most frequent cause for surgical intervention on liver is traumatic rupture of the liver, which are often irregular or multiple. The therapy is not uniform. In noncomplicated ruptures the best management is to remove necrotic tissue by digitoklasis and individual ligation of blood vessels and bile ducts with interrupted suture. In extensive lesion, where a large part of hepatic parenchyma is devitalized, the best results are achieved by resection. The mortality largely depends on well-timed operation, whereas each delay increases the surgical risk.

[Pancreatic lesions]. / Poskodbe pankreasa

The rate of lesions of pancreas is on the increase in these latter years. With these lesions very different therapeutical methods are applied. Some surgeons give full preference to the resection with anastomosis, the others prefer one or two anastomoses without the resection and the rest of them the resection without anastomosis. Successful treatment of the damaged pancreas dependens to a high degree on the proper diagnosis, on the appropriate primary therapy, which hampers the development of the acute pancreatitis and on the rational operative proceedings.