A proposed protocol for correlation between bone density in hemimandibular hyperplasia radiography and histopathological findings - A retrospective study.

The role of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in surgical planning can be assessed based on the correlation among bone density (BD/HU), radiographic values, and the histopathological appearance of hyperplastic overgrowth in mandibular condyles (hemimandibular hyperplasia/osteochondroma). The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between LDCT indices of bone-density measurements in surgical planning and histopathological specimens. The patients incuded in this study underwent detailed radiological evaluation as preparation for further clinical procedures. Excised condyles were evaluated in terms of bone density index using LDCT, and then histopathologically to investigate the accuracy of surgical procedures and set the basis for future surgical planning. An index value between both condyles' bone densities represented the relative difference between the healthy condyle and the side with hemimandibular hyperplasia (HH). Patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) showed a statistical correlation between condyle heads with increased bone density (BD) and scintigraphic (SCI) values (p < 0.001). On the other hand, correlation between BD and histopathological studies alone was significant (p < 0.001). With the increase in BD measured in HU in UCH condyles, the overall value of fibrous cartilage layer thickness decreased (p < 0.001). Furthermore, histopathological evaluation indicated that increased bone density on the UCH side resulted in increased total thickness (p > 0.001). The proposed index measurements in the mandibular condyles based on LDCT/BD can be used to estimate the degree of required surgical resection. Results from LDCT radiographic studies correlate with histopathological specimens more than scintigraphy.

Multimodal Imagery in Forensic Incident Scene Documentation.

Various imaging modalities are evaluated for use in forensic incident (crime or accident) scene documentation. Particular attention is paid to the precision vs. cost tradeoff, accomplished by judiciously combining various 3D scans and photogrammetric reconstructions from 2D photographs. Assumptions are proposed for two complementary software systems: an event scene pilot assisting the on-site staff in their work securing evidence and facilitating their communication with stationary support staff, and an evidence keeper, managing the voluminous and varied database of accumulated imagery, textual notes and physical evidence inventory.

Concurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Leiomyosarcoma in the Larynx at Relapse 15 Years Post-radiation for Primary Laryngeal Cancer.

Malignant tumours of the larynx account for 50% of all head and neck neoplasms. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the larynx and accounts for 95-98%. Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) originating in larynx is a very rare malignant tumour derived from the smooth muscle tissue. The authors present a case of a 75-year man with coexistent squamous cell carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma in the larynx 15 years after radiation therapy for promany laryngeal cancer. Two cases of the synchronous presence of these neoplasms have been reported so far in English literature. This paper presents the clinical picture, radiological and histopathological diagnoses, and treatment of this case. Key Words: Squamous cell carcinoma, Leiomyosarcoma, Larynx.

Sitagliptin-Dependent Differences in the Intensity of Oxidative Stress in Rat Livers Subjected to Ischemia and Reperfusion.

PURPOSE: Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) is the main cause of liver damage after transplantation. We evaluated the effect of sitagliptin (STG) on oxidative stress parameters in the rat liver under IR. METHODS: Rats were treated with STG (5 mg/kg) (S and SIR) or saline solution (C and CIR). Livers from CIR and SIR were subjected to ischemia (60 min) and reperfusion (24 h). During reperfusion, aminotransferases (ALT and AST) were determined in blood samples. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the mRNA expression of SOD1 were determined in liver homogenates after reperfusion. Different regions of livers were also histologically evaluated. RESULTS: The PON1 activity was higher, and the TBARS level was lower in SIR than in CIR. There was an inverse relationship between TBARS and PON1 levels in the whole cohort. The GPx activity was lower in ischemic than in nonischemic groups regardless of the STG treatment. In SIR, the SOD1 activity was higher compared to that in CIR. In S, the expression of SOD1 mRNA was the highest of all examined groups and positively correlated with the SOD1 activity in the whole animal cohort. During IR aminotransferases, the activity in the drug-treated group was lower in all examined points of time. In drug-treated groups, the percentage of steatosis was higher than that in nontreated groups regardless of IR. CONCLUSIONS: The protective effect of STG on the rat liver, especially its antioxidant properties, was revealed under IR conditions.

Age-related differences in function and structure of rat livers subjected to ischemia/reperfusion.

INTRODUCTION: Liver function is affected during ischemia/reperfusion (IR). The current state of knowledge about liver aging processes during IR is incomplete. We evaluated the effects of aging on liver structure and function under IR conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Animals were divided into control (C-2) and ischemia/reperfusion (IR-2) groups of young rats (2-4 months old) and C-12 and IR-12 groups of old rats (12-14 months old). The livers from IR-2 and IR-12 groups were subjected to partial ischemia (60 min), followed by global reperfusion (4 h). Blood samples were obtained during reperfusion (0, 30 and 240 min) to estimate the activity of aminotransferases (ALT, AST). After IR, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1b (IL-1b), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in liver homogenates. RESULTS: At all points of reperfusion, an increase in aminotransferase activity levels in the ischemic groups was observed; mainly between IR-12 and C-12 rats. The concentration of TNF-α was significantly higher in young animals (in non-ischemic groups: p = 0.09, in ischemic groups: p = 0.05). Under IR conditions, the concentration of IL-1b dropped (p = 0.05). The concentration of MDA was significantly higher in mature animals (in non-ischemic groups: p = 0.09, in ischemic groups: p = 0.05). In ischemic groups an increase in necrosis rate was observed regardless of age. Rats in the IR-12 group showed the most pronounced changes in hepatic architecture, including increased micro- and macrosteatosis and parenchymal cell destruction. CONCLUSIONS: The function and structure of mature livers slightly deteriorate with age and these differences are more noticeable under IR conditions.

Oral administration of kaempferol inhibits bone loss in rat model of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia.

BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures constitute an increasing problem in developing countries. Kaempferol, isolated from seeds of Cuscuta chinensis, is an active flavonoid inhibiting in vitro osteoclast activity. The aim of the presented research was an assessment of kaempferol effect on estrogen-deficiency-induced bone structure disturbances in rats. METHODS: The study was performed on 24 Wistar female rats divided into 3 groups: SHAM - rats undergoing a "sham" surgery, OVX-C - control group of animals that underwent ovariectomy, OVX-K - rats undergoing ovariectomy and receiving kaempferol for 8 weeks (from day 56 to day 112). RESULTS: In the OVX-K group, contrary to the OVX-C one, there was no significant decrease in femoral bone mineral density (BMD). A significant increase in Young's modulus was observed in the OVX-K group compared to the OVX-C (15.33±2.51GPa vs. 11.14±1.93GPa, p<0.05). A decreased bone turnover was detected in the OVX-K group. Tissue volume ratio (BV/TV) and trabecular bone perimeter were increased in the OVX-K group compared to the OVX-C one (0.241±0.037 vs. 0.170±0.022, p<0.05 and 15.52±2.78mm vs. 9.67±3.07mm, p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Kaempferol has a beneficial influence on estrogen-deficiency-induced disturbances of bone structure in rats.

The giant cell tumour of the proximal phalanx of the thumb treated by a 2-stage operation.

We present a 29-year-old woman who was treated for a giant-cell tumour of her thumb. Surgical treatment was performed in two stages. In the first stage, the tumour was removed and the first metacarpal and distal phalanges were fixed by an external fixator. In the second stage of reconstruction of the thumb, a cortico-cancellous bone graft from the iliac crest, an external fixator and double arthrodesis were used. This two-stage procedure provides the possibility for confirming the diagnosis and appropriate treatment choice and minimizes the risk of recurrence.

Recalcitrant tumor of the fifth metacarpal bone in a hemodialyzed patient.

The article presents a case report about a 38-year-old hemodialyzed woman who presented to our department with a painful, expansile, lytic bone lesion of the fifth metacarpal epiphysis. The lesion was resected and replaced by corticocancellous bone graft. At 3 months, imaging suggested signs of graft resorption and local recurrence which necessitated repeat excision and grafting. Because of secondary parathyroidism subsequent subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed. This procedure leads to appropriate bone remodeling by 8 weeks postoperatively, and recurrence has not been observed at 2 years of follow up.

Assessment of efficacy of quercetin-5'-sulfonic acid sodium salt in the treatment of acute chromium poisoning: experimental studies.

Hexavalent chromium compounds exhibit higher toxicity than its trivalent compounds since chromium ions in the +6 oxidation state easily cross biological membranes. It has recently been proposed that substances reducing chromium ions from the +6 to the less toxic +3 oxidation state can be beneficial in management of acute chromium poisoning. In vitro studies also demonstrated quercetin-5 '-sulfonic acid sodium salt (NaQSA) to reduce chromium ions from the +6 to the +3 oxidation state. The aim of the study was to determine efficacy of NaQSA in treatment of acute poisoning with a hexavalent chromium compound. The experiment was carried out on male and female Wistar rats which were divided into 4 experimental (A,B,C,D) and control (K) groups. All animals received intragastrically a single CrO3 dose equal to its LD50. Thirty minutes after administration of CrO3, NaQSA was administered intragastrically at a dose of 50 mg/kg (group A) and 100 mg/kg (group B). In groups C and D, NaQSA was administered ip 2 h after administration of CrO3 and then twice a day for 4 days at doses of 50 mg/kg (group C) and 100 mg/kg (group D). Only intragastric administration of NaQSA at a dose of 100 mg/kg decreased mortality in acute poisoning with CrO3. In groups B and D, aminotransferase activity was statistically significantly dropping from day 7 of the experiment in comparison with the group K, which indicates lesser damage to the liver in animals treated with NaQSA. Bilirubin concentrations in groups B and D were also much lower than in the group K, but the difference between average bilirubin levels in these groups and the K was not statistically significant. The results of the study suggest the usefulness of NaQSA in the treatment of poisoning with hexavalent chromium compounds.