[Cannabinoids for the treatment of chronic pain - an overview of current medical knowledge]. / Kannabinoidy w leczeniu bólu przewleklego ­ przeglad aktualnej wiedzy medycznej.

Cannabis has been used in medicine for thousands of years, yet its use for therapeutic purposes is still controversial. Meta-analysis of the literature has shown the effectiveness of cannabinoids only in some diseases. Researchers are particularly interested in their use in chronic pain management, which analgesic effect has been proved in many studies. A review of the literature indicates that cannabinoid preparations may be effective in the treatment of some chronic pain disorders, particularly in neuropathic pain, and should be considered as a possible therapeutic choice in the absence of a satisfactory analgesic effect with standard medications. The increasing number of countries approving cannabinoids for medical use creates an opportunity to conduct more clinical trials and collect better-quality data necessary to establish clear guidelines and consistent recommendations for specific pain disorders.

Ascariasis and its relationship with selected psycho-neurological symptoms among children and adults in Poland.

Ascariasis is considered a public health problem mostly in tropical countries and thus studies are realized usually in those countries and particularly in children. As a result, there are limitations in the current literature that associate ascariasis with neurological disorders or psychomotor disturbances. AIM: The aim of study was to prove our hypothesis that ascariasis in children and adults is related to selected psycho-neurological symptoms such as hyperactivity, tic disorders and nail biting (onychophagia). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the Polish cities of Warsaw and Rzeszów but the patients were drawn from across the country. This study included a total of 465 Poles aged between 1 and 80 years old of both sexes divided into one case group and one control group. The association between the presence of ascariasis and the apparition of selected symptoms was presented within the group containing all subjects and according to gender (males and females) and age (children and adults). The study was conducted in Warsaw and Rzeszów between 2016 and 2018. Data were collected using external laboratories for stool analysis to determine the presence of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, and a special questionnaire designed to determine the presence of the selected symptoms: hyperactivity, onychophagia and tic disorders. The Mann-Whitney U test was then used to determine differences between groups. RESULTS: We have demonstrated that people with ascariasis showed a higher incidence of all the examined symptoms compared to the results obtained in the control group. Here we report that people infected with Ascaris lumbricoides are more likely to present hyperactivity, onychophagia and tic disorders. Most of the studied symptoms were more intense among women and children. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that people with ascariasis showed a higher incidence of all the examined symptoms compared to the results obtained in the control group. Here we report that people infected with Ascaris lumbricoides are more likely to present hyperactivity, onychophagia and tic disorders. Most of the studied symptoms were more intense among women and children.