[The effect of a 5-year program of IHD prevention on the risk profile and mortality]. / Vliianie piatiletnei programmy profilaktiki IBS na profil' riska i smertnost.

Multifactorial prophylaxis on the individual basis was conducted for 5 years among the population of 2047 males aged 40-59 years with ischemic heart disease (IHD) or its risk factors. Compared to the comparison group of 2101 subjects, in the study group the investigators achieved a 37% reduction in the mean population profile of myocardial infarction risk due to less prevalence of 3 main risk factor: arterial hypertension, low physical activity, smoking. Unbalance of the groups by age and education made the effect of the prevention measures on cardiovascular mortality menostrable only at statistical Cox's model.

[Character of nutrition of the Minsk population and its relation with ischemic heart disease]. / Kharakter pitaniia naseleniia Minska i ego sviaz' s ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

A standard one-day diet questionnaire survey covered 1025 subjects (490 males and 535 females) aged 20-59 living in the city of Minsk. They were examined in the Research Cardiology Institute of Belarus within the scope of the program on integral prevention of chronic noninfectious disease. The results of the study showed the examinees' diet to be unbalanced with an atherogenic trend: excessive fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol against insufficient carbohydrates, starch, polyunsaturated fatty acids. Total energy value of the food and alcohol consumption of the studied population were lower than those of the matched population of Lithuania, Moscow and Tallin. No significant relationship was revealed between alimentary characteristics of the Minsk population and occurrence of ischemic heart disease in the examinees.

[Experience and results with an approach to preventing ischemic heart disease in a region]. / Opyt i rezul'taty podkhoda k profilaktike ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa v raione.

The program of coronary heart disease prevention among the population of the administrative district of Minsk was implemented over three years through the managerial, administrative and medical structures. The task team performed the organizational and methodological work and carried out the monitoring of the epidemiological situation with regard to coronary heart disease. 1537 persons underwent primary screening and 1112 were examined after three years. A statistically significant increase in the awareness of the population and doctors of the problems of a healthy lifestyle, improved indices of arterial hypertension control, a tendency toward decrease in the prevalence of arterial hypertension were recorded during the observation period. The behavioral risk factors could not be influenced.

[The prognostic value of cardiology screening data in relation to the development of myocardial infarct in the next 7 years]. / Prognosticheskaia znachimost' dannykh kardiologicheskogo skrininga v otnoshenii razvitiia infarkta miokarda v blizhaishie 7 let.

A prospective follow-up within 7 years was performed for 4148 males aged 40-59 from an open population of Minsk who had been subjected to cardiological screening. The frequency of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) established at screening exceeded that of CHD-free subjects 4.1 times. For separate forms of CHD a relative risk for patients with MI history, angina pectoris of effort (by Roze questionnaire) and isolated ischemic changes on ECG at rest amounted to 8.6, 4.0 and 2.3, respectively. MI was associated with blood pressure, cholesterol levels. A multivariate analysis revealed a significant independent contribution of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and age to the risk of MI development in subjects free of CHD at screening. Concrete values of beta-coefficients of the logistic function prognosticating the risk of MI development in the population studied have been determined.

[An analysis of the factors affecting the efficacy of prevention programs]. / Analiz faktorov, vliiaiushchikh na éffektivnost' profilakticheskikh programm.

Methods of multidimensional analysis were used to assay the significance of the physiological and behavioral characteristics of the population of the able-bodied men of the city of Minsk as regards the efficacy of interventions carried out. It has been shown that the population takes a more active part in the implementation of measures of conventionally medical nature. Deviations in the health status and physiological characteristics revealed by screening favour a more careful attitude to the performance of the recommendations made. The low social status and the presence of pronounced harmful habits are significant predictors of a negative attitude towards preventive interventions.

[Use of personal computers for early detection of cardiovascular pathology among industrial workers]. / Ispol'zovanie personal'nykh komp'iuterov dlia rannego vyiavleniia serdechno-sosudistoi patologii u rabotnikov promyshlennogo predpriiatiia.

The results are provided on the development and introduction of automated working places on the basis of personal computers for the prevention, follow-up and treatment of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) at an industrial enterprise. The process of identifying persons with AH and IHD is automatized. Automated working places on ECG processing, assessment of central and cerebral hemodynamic parameters are introduced. Information load has been developed in the form of a computer game for identifying persons with early stages of AH. A base has been created for storage of the results of regular medical check-ups. The complex has been tested during 2 years in the settings of a health unit at the Lenin tractor plant in Minsk. As a result of comprehensive measures, provisional functional diagnosis expenditures were reduced by 30-70%. Losses due to temporary disability as a result of circulatory diseases were reduced by 26%.

[Risk factors in chronic noncommunicable diseases]. / Faktory riska khronicheskikh neinfektsionnykh zabolevanii.

As a result of an epidemiological survey of able-bodied population aged 20-64, serviced by the territorial polyclinic of Minsk with the help of standard methods and standardized procedures, the data on the prevalence of some chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors were obtained. The high incidence of ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, such risk factors as hypercholesteremia, excess body weight, smoking and lack of exercise, and also their increase with age, suggested the necessity to intensify preventive activities among population. A study was made of the able-bodied population awareness regarding healthy lifestyle and also of the extent to which outpatient physicians fulfil the non-drug therapy recommendations. The data obtained were needed for planning curative and preventive activities with due regard for age-and-sex peculiarities in the distribution of characteristics studied.

[Ischemic heart disease in people of different somatotypes]. / Ishemicheskaia bolezn' serdtsa u lits raznykh somaticheskikh tipov.

Standard methods were used to study interrelations between the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), its risk factors (RF), the course and the somatotype of the test subjects. The study was based on the data obtained during cardiological examination in Minsk of a representative sample of the male population (n = 3761) aged 40 to 59 years. It has been established that the prevalence of CHD, arterial hypertension (AH) and hypercholesterolemia increases consistently on passing over from asthenia to hypersthenia. Proceeding from the data of the exercise tests and analysis of the frequency of combinations of certain forms of CHD in persons belonging to different somatotypes a conclusion has been drawn that CHD runs a graver course in hypersthenic patients. It has also been shown by means of multidimensional analysis that just like RF such as AH, hypercholesterolemia and tobacco smoking, the hypersthenic build up makes a separate and significant contribution to the onset of CHD.

[Effectiveness of therapeutic-prophylactic measures in relation to the extent of their performance in a population of working-age men in Minsk]. / Effektivnost' lechebno-profilakticheskikh meropriiatii v zavisimosti ot stepeni ikh vypolneniia u populiatsii muzhchin trudosposbnogo vozrasta Minska.

An analysis was made of the effectiveness of therapeutic measures undertaken in the fit-for-work male population of Minsk. Significant differences were revealed in the changes of the levels and mean magnitudes of risk factors depending on the attitude towards realization of medical recommendations. The therapeutic measures were recorded to produce the most pronounced effect in respect to the incidence of arterial hypertension, excess body weight, tobacco smoking, and to the number of persons engaged in sports. The beneficial effect of preventive measures primarily tells on a relatively scanty group of persons at high risk as a result of which the significance of differences was disclosed in respect to the incidences and was not disclosed in respect to the mean values of arterial pressure and tobacco smoking.

Prevalence of ischaemic heart disease and of various electrocardiographic changes according to findings of the cooperative Moscow-Kaunas-Minsk study.

In the cooperative study of multifactorial prevention of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), conducted in Moscow, Kaunas and Minsk, the authors investigated and compared the prevalence of IHD, its various forms, ECG changes and the awareness of the IHD patients that they were affected by this disease. Preventive examination of the male population in the 40 to 59 years age group revealed the presence of IHD in 14.8% in Moscow, 10.7% in Kaunas and 14.1% in Minsk. In the male population in Moscow IHD has a more severe course with the prevalence of painful forms, whereas in Kaunas there occur in more than 50% of the patients and in Minsk in 49% painless forms of IHD. Myocardial infarction occurs in Moscow more frequently (3.7%) than in Minsk (3.1%) and in Kaunas (2.5%), and is in Moscow in a higher percentage of cases associated with signs of pronounced cicatricial changes in the myocardium on the ECG. Angina pectoris of effort occurred among persons without MI in Kaunas in 2.4%, in Minsk twice as frequently (4.8%) and in Moscow nearly three times as frequently (6.8%). Of the persons in whom examination established the presence of IHD or angina pectoris of effort, every third in Moscow and every second in Kaunas and Minsk was not aware of their disease.