[Training curves for endosurgical interventions in neonates and infants].

AIM: To demonstrate training curves for endosurgical interventions in neonates and infants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was analyzed duration of thoracoscopic reconstruction of esophageal atresia (31 patients) and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (61 patients) performed for the period from January 2005 to December 2012. Graphs and tables reflecting correlation between duration and number of operations were framed. RESULTS: Figures demonstrate reducing duration of surgery with increase of endosurgical interventions number. CONCLUSION: Our data revealed that time necessary for minimally invasive procedures in infants and neonates decreases in process of experience accumulation.

[Button gastrostomy in children].

For the period January 2002 to December 2013 it was performed 84 interventions for introduction of gastrostomy tube. The first group included 24 open operations and the second group had 60 laparoscopic operations by using of button devices MIC-KEY (Kimberly-Clark, Roswell, USA) in neonates and infants. Statistically significant difference was not observed during comparison of demographic data of patients. Differences in groups were found in statistical analysis of intra- and postoperative parameters (p<0.05). Mean duration of surgery in the first group was 37.29 min, in the second group - 23.97 min. Time to start of feeding and transition to complete enteral nutrition was less in patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery than after open intervention (10.5 and 19.13 hours, 23.79 and 35.88 hours respectively; p<0.05). It was revealed augmentation of hospital stay in the 1st group in comparison with the 2(nd) group (11.71 and 7.09 days respectively; p<0.05). Frequency of postoperative complications was 18.33% in the 2(nd) group and 24% - in the 1st group (p<0.05). The authors consider that button devices are simply and effective technique of gastrostomy establishment in children. It is associated with minimal surgery duration and allows to start early enteral nutrition in comparison with open techniques.

[Single laparoscopic approach in newborns and infants].

The aim of this investigation is evidence of opportunity of single laparoscopic approach using during operations in newborns and infants. The authors have an experience of 274 single-port operations performed from January 2009 to December 2013. Success of single laparoscopic approach has been demonstrated in patients with inguinal hernia, congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, feeding violations, ovarian cyst and multi-cystic kidney dysplasia.

[Thoracotomy and thoracoscopy in the treatment of patent arterial duct in infants weighing less than 2500 g].

BACKGROUND: Thoracoscopic clipping of the patent ductus arteriosus is an alternative to conventional surgical closure via thoracotomy in low birth weight infants. The aim of this study is to compare of these two groups of patients for the last 11 years. METHODS: We reported the data of 127 small children's who underwent standard transaxillary thoracotomy (101 patients - Group I) and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for patent ductus arteriosus clipping (26 patients - Group II). The two groups were compared for patients demographics, operative report and postoperative parameters. RESULTS: The groups were similar in terms of demographics and preoperative parameters. There was significant difference in mean operative time between open and thoracoscopic procedure (44.65 min vs 38.46 min; p<0.05). Duration of care in neonatal intensive unit and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the Group II (16.44 d vs 8.77 d; p<0.05 and 40.13 d vs 33.65 d; p<0.05). Early complication rates were equivalent between groups (6.93% vs 3.85%; p>0.05). Rate of long-term complications was dominated in the thoracotomy group (19.80% vs 0%; p=0127). CONCLUSION: Thoracoscopic ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants less than 2500 g gave results better than open surgery.

[Hybrid surgery for the treatment of ovarial cysts in newborns].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hybrid technology (laparoscopy and open surgery) for treatment of ovarian cysts in small babies and infants. Between January 2002 and November 2012, we have performed 11 operation for neonatal ovarian cysts repaired through standard circumumbilical incision (Group I) and 16 operation with using combined hybrid laparoscopic-assisted technique (Group II). The circumumbilical incision utilized at our institution is a classic Bianchi procedure. The hybrid approach combined 2 technique - laparoscopic and open. The trocar for optic telescope was inserted through a circumumbilical incision. The one working instrument was introduced into the peritoneal cavity direct through umbilicus. Afterwords, ovarian cyst was deflated with using transabdominal needle aspiration, delivered by an extended umbilical incision and enucleated as in standard open surgery. The two groups were compared for patients demographics, operative report and early postoperative outcomes. All procedures were performed successfully with no complications rate. There were no differences in the preoperative parameters between the two groups. The differences between groups for operative and postoperative results were statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean operative time in Group I was 30.91 min. In contrast, the mean duration of the operation in the Group II was 21.56 min. The mean time to beginning and time of full enteral feeding for patients with hybrid approach were significantly shorter as for patients with umbilical incision (4.06 hours vs 10.91 hours; 13 hours vs 20.55 hours). Prolonged mean postoperative hospital stay were registered in patients of the Group I (6.36 days vs 3.19 days; p<0.05). The postoperative course and follow up was uneventful in the all patients. The experience described in this study confirms that hybrid operation can be applied for treatment of neonatal ovarian cysts with outcomes better than standard open surgery.

[The use of staplers for intestinal anastomosis in newborns].

The comparative experience of mechanical and manual intestinal anastomoses in newborns was analyzed. The main group (mechanical suture) consisted of 23 patients; the group of control consisted of 21 little patients. The mechanical intestinal suture was performed with the use of linear endoscopic stapler with 2.5 mm high staples. There were no differences in age and body weight between the two groups. The mean operative time was 77.4 min for the 1st group, whereas for the 2nd group it was 56.4 min. There were no significant difference in time before enteral feeding after the operation - 6.7 days on average. The hospital stay time was also identical (13.3 vs. 14.1 days). Postoperative period was uncomplicated in both groups. Thus, the use of mechanical stapler for intestinal anastomosis allows shorten the operative time, though preserving the same results of hospital stay and enteral feeding beginning.

[Epitope mapping of antigenic determinants of E2 glycoprotein from classical swine fever virus using synthetic peptides].

Epitope mapping of the major envelope glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is important for our understanding of E2 and also for development of the CSFV-specific diagnostic assays and epitope- or peptide-based marker vaccines. Previous competitive binding studies showed that monoclonal antibodies raised against E2 protein of CSFV detected 8 individual epitopes. At the present study using a set of synthetic peptides covering the full sequences of E2 glycoprotein five linear non-overlap B-cells epitopes were identified. The identified sequences of 12 strains of the CSFV and 5 other pestiviruses were aligned. The data obtained could be useful for improvement of the CSFV diagnostic systems and studies of amino acid substitutions and their influence on antigenic properties of the CSFV E2 protein.

[Study of phospholipid synthesis in liver of mice with alloxan diabetes]. / Issledovanie sinteza fosfolipidov v pecheni myshe i s alloksanovym diabetom.

The essential decrease of the rate of turnover of phosphatidic acids (PA), polyglycerophosphates (PGP) and their lysoderivatives (LPGP), sphinigomyelin (SM) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidyletnanolamine (PEA) was found in male mice of BALB/c strain with subacute alloxan diabetes (glucose concentration in the blood was not less than 14 mmol/l) during examination of phospholipid metabolism in the liver by the rate of 3H-acetate and 14C-palmitate incorporation into corresponding chromatographic phospholipid fractions. On the contrary, turnover of phosphatidilcholine (PC) significantly increased. The of main structural phospholipid components of hepatocyte cellular membranes--PEA and PC--were found to be decreased by 41 and 32%, respectively. LPGP and PA levels decreased to a lesser extent. The level of PGP, SM, phosphatidylinositol and LPG did not differ from the control level.

[Metabolism of neutral lipids in hemopoietic organs and in the liver of mice with alloxan diabetes]. / Metabolizm neitral'nykh lipidov v organakh gemopoéza i v pecheni myshei s alloksanovym diabetom.

The metabolism of neutral lipids (free and ester-bound cholesterols, mono-, di- and triacylglycerides) was greatly impaired in liver, spleen, thymus tissues and ileocecal lymph nodes of BALB/c mice with subacute alloxan diabetes (content of sugar in blood was no less than 14 mmol/l) as shown by 3H-acetate and 14C-palmitate incorporation into the corresponding lipid fractions. The rate of neutral lipid turnover was specifically decreased in all the tissues studied. However, a considerable accumulation of these lipid fractions was found in thymus tissue. Incorporation of labelled palmitate into triacylglycerides was increased in the spleen but without obesity of the organ.

[Status of nucleic acid and total protein synthesis in hematopoietic organs in mice with alloxan diabetes]. / Sostoianie sinteza nukleinovykh kislot i summarnykh belkov v organakh gemopoéza u myshei s alloksanovym diabetom.

Rates of 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine and 14C-glycine incorporation in nucleic acids and total proteins were studied in cells of bone marrow, spleen, thymus and ileocecal lymph nodes tissues of BALB/c mice with subacute alloxan diabetes (content of blood sugar was higher than 14 mmol/l). Synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein was not considerably inhibited in the thymus tissue of the impaired animals which may correlate with pronounced dysfunction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes typical for the disease.

[Mechanism of hematopoietic disorders in primary experimental hypothyroidism]. / K mekhanizmu narusheniia gemopoéza pri pervichnom éksperimental'nom gipotireoze.

In male BALB/c mice and male Wistar rats, primary hypothyrosis was induced by potassium perchlorate whose 1% solution was given to the experimental animals instead of portable water for 3 months. Blood features and medullary hemopoiesis were studied. The changes of the parameters under study were unidirectional in the two animal species, but they were more profound in the rats. The animals with primary hypothyrosis had lower counts of erythrocytes, reticulocytes, and hemoglobin. The bone marrow exhibited a reduction in the total count of myelokaryocytes, suppressed proliferative activity of immature cells and erythroid and myeloid populations. Examining the effects of T3 on cultured bone marrow cells of hypothyrosis rats revealed a sharp T3-induced increase in the count of erythroid cells and the level of their K-mitoses.

[Status of nucleoprotein synthesis in hematopoietic organs in mice with primary hypothyroidism]. / Sostoianie sinteza nukleoproteinov v organakh gemopoéza u myshei s pervichnym gipotireozom.

A rate of incorporation of 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine and 14C-glycine into the nucleoproteins of bone marrow, spleen, thymus and ileocecal lymph nodes was studied in BALB/c mice with hypothyrosis developed after administration of 1% KClO4 within a month. Distinct hypoplasia of bone marrow and spleen was found in the experimental animals; the synthesis of nucleoproteins was most impaired in bone marrow. The dependence of hemopoietic tissues on thyroid hormones was decreased as follows: bone marrow > spleen > thymus > lymph node. After subcutaneous administration of triiodothyronine (T3) in a dose of 50 mg/kg daily within 3 days of synthesis of nucleoproteins was considerably stimulated and the amount of cells was increased in bone marrow and spleen. Less distinct stimulating effect of T3 was observed in the thymus and lymph nodes of these animals.

[Lymphopoiesis in mice with alloxan diabetes in experimental insulin therapy]. / Limfopoéz u myshei s alloksanovym diabetom v usloviiakh ékperimental'noi insulinoterapii.

The authors studied the proliferative response of central and peripheral lymphoid organs of male BALB/c mice with alloxan diabetes to injections of a zinc-insulin suspension (1 u/mouse/24 hours) given for 1, 3, or 5 days. Insulin therapy failed to compensate the diabetes completely, but normalized to a considerable measure the diminished proliferative activity of the young lymphoid cells of the thymus and bone marrow from the third day of the experiment. Autoradiographic study showed that the thymus of diabetic mice was marked by a significant reduction of the percentage of young lymphoid cells bearing insulin receptors on their surface. The results of the experiments point to insulin dependence of central lymphopoiesis in rats.

[Kinetics of lymphocytes in mice with alloxan diabetes]. / Kinetika limfotsitov u myshei s alloksanovym diabetom.

Alloxan diabetes (sucrose blood concentrate greater than or equal to 14 mmol/l decreased the life time of blood lymphocytes and increased the migration of these cells from lymphatic organs in BALB/c male mice. The proliferation pools of lymphoblasts and prolymphocytes in the thymus of diabetic mice were depressed, but in the lymphatic nodes remained unchanged. It has been shown that in lymphoid cells of the thymus of mice with diabetes the generation time and the time of G1- and G2-phase were significantly increased, but the time of the S-phase of the life cycle of these cells was normal. Proliferation of the lymphoid cells in lymphatic nodes was insulin-dependent. It has been shown that in the prolymphocytes of lymphatic nodes from diabetic mice the duration of the G1-phase was significantly decreased.

[Lymphopoietic function of mice with alloxan diabetes]. / Sostoianie limfopoéza u myshei s alloksanovym diabetom.

Alloxan diabetes (sucrose blood concentration greater than or equal to 14 mmol/l) induced lymphocytopenia in noninbred male mice, resulting from the decrease in the number of both T and B lymphocytes differentiated by their reaction to acid phosphatase. At the same time thymic bone marrow lymphopoiesis in mice with diabetes was depressed. Nodular and splenic lymphopoiesis remained virtually unchanged. These disturbances became apparent on the 3rd week after diabetes induction. Alloxan itself has no inhibitory effect on lymphopoiesis.

[Mechanisms of T-lymphocyte stimulation of erythropoiesis under local body irradiation]. / O nekotorykh mekhanizmakh stimuliatsii T-limfotsitami éritropoéza v usloviiakh lokal'nogo oblucheniia organizma.

Thymocytes transplanted into thymectomized mice with a locally irradiated lower limb in a dose of 7 Gy were accumulated in the depleted bone marrow to stimulate the processes of postradiation erythron regeneration. Cytosar treatment did not affect the regulatory function of thymocytes. At the same time thymocytes treated with actinomycin D possessed less powerful stimulating effect than intact ones.

[State of the insular apparatus in rats with transplanted and induced tumors]. / Sostoianie insuliarnogo apparata u krys pri perevivaemykh i indutsirovannykh opukholiakh.

Observations were carried out in rats with transplantable Geren's carcinoma or sarcoma induced by 3,4-benz (a) pyrene. The contents of plasma immune-reactive insulin (IRI), the glucose tolerance and response of the insular apparatus to the glycemia level were found to change at all stages of the tumor growth. Most of animals had low levels of IRI in blood, the glucose tolerance was decreased. Some rats with Geren's carcinoma showed the signs of increased functioning of the insular apparatus. It was shown that disorders in the insular apparatus function in tumor-bearing animals were due to changing of its response to the level of glycemia.