[Some approaches to raising quality of treatment for arterial hypertension (experience of school for arterial hypertension patients)]. / Nekotorye podkhody k povysheniiu kachestva lecheniia patsientov s arterial'noi gipertoniei (opyt "Shkoly patsienta s arterial'noi gipertoniei").

AIM: To investigate involvement of patients into control of their pressure to improve quality of treatment for arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 134 hypertensive patients (76 females and 58 males) were interviewed. Criteria of efficacy of AH control were ability and motivation of self-measurement of blood pressure and its maintenance at the optimal level. RESULTS: For the past year, 40% of the patients measured pressure regularly (once a day or more frequently), 34%--1-3 times a week, 9%--1-3 times a month, 17%--rarely, mostly, males. Most of the patients controlled their pressure insufficiently. This is explained by "working pressure" (high in many cases) which was registered in most of the examinees. When part of the patients reached that working pressure they discontinued treatment. CONCLUSION: Involvement of hypertensive patients and members of their families into control of hypertension is a feasible and valuable method of improving quality of hypertension treatment.

[Microalbuminuria as one of the early diagnostic signs of kidney involvement in patients with a purine metabolic disorder]. / Mikroal'buminuriia kak odin iz rannikh diagnosticheskikh priznakov porazheniia pochek u patsientov s narusheniem purinovogo obmena.

The examination of 30 patients with purin disbolism (mean age 23.8 years) has demonstrated that microalbuminuria higher than 20 mg/day may serve a diagnostic criterion of early damage to the kidneys. The level of microalbuminuria correlated with the degree of purin metabolism disorder.

[Kidney involvement and arterial hypertension in middle-aged and elderly subjects]. / Porazhenie pochek i arterial'naia gipertoniia u lits pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta.

The examination covered 125 elderly and senile subjects (106 females and 19 males) which made up 90.6% of those living in the boarding house. Their mean age was 81.3 years. Arterial hypertension was detected in 61.6% of the examinees. 18.5% of the examinees had hyperuricemia. Concentration function of the kidneys was affected in all the examinees. Half of them exhibited a moderate rise in the level of blood creatinine. The authors discuss the relationship between high prevalence of arterial hypertension, its tendency to crises and involutional processes in the kidneys in the onset and development of renoprival condition.

[Vestibulo-oculomotor reactions during immersion hypokinesia]. / Vestibulo-glazodvigatel'nye reaktsii v usloviiakh immersionnoi gipokinezii.

The results of studying the spontaneous oculomotor responses and those induced by vestibular and visual stimulation in 30 test subjects exposed to a 3-day dry immersion are presented. The subjects were tested every day under conditions of free diving and during additional tactile-proprioceptive, optokinetic and vestibulo-optokinetic stimulation. It is indicated that an exposure to immersion is inherent in an increased amplitude and rate of spontaneous floating movements of the eyes and in 30 percent of cases in: developing of spontaneous nystagmus; decreasing of an accuracy of fixed turns and tracking; facilitating of oculomotor responses during optokinetic and optovestibular stimulation. When used an additional support, on Day 0-1 after optokinetic and optovestibular stimulation on Days 2-3 of immersion the tested oculomotor responses were improved.

[Effect of immersion hypokinesia on the parameters of human muscle potentials]. / Vliianie immersionnoi gipokinezii na nekotorye parametry myshechnykh potentsialov cheloveka.

During 3-day immersion hypokinesia stimulation muscle potentials and averaged potentials of total EMG of m. biceps brachii were investigated in six test subjects. Stimulation potentials were obtained by exciting n. cutaneous with a train of square impulses. Potentials were recorded using a combined multi + electrode. Averaged potentials of total EMG were recorded by means of the same electrode. The propagation rate of the potentials, duration of their negative and end-positive phases as well as the length of their negative phase in space were measured. In addition, vector-electromyographic images of the potentials were recorded. After immersion hypokinesia the propagation rate decreased significantly, the duration of the end-positive phase increased and the length of the depolarized zone of potentials in space shortened. The decrease of the rate of propagation of stimulation potentials was 28% and that of averaged potentials of total EMG was 31% per group. These changes developed rapidly enough, indicating shifts in the properties of potentials of action of myofibers during immersion. Factors responsible for these changes are discussed.

[Adaptive effects of repeated immersion exposure on the human body]. / Adaptivnye éffekty povtornogo immersionnogo vozdeistviia na organizm cheloveka.

The effect of intermittent immersion on orthostatic tolerance, fluid-electrolyte metabolism and neuromuscular system was investigated. Control and experimental immersions were used. Experimental immersion was preceded by 12-hour exposure to immersion at night for three times. Experimental immersion was accompanied by reduced renal excretion of fluid, sodium and potassium and normalization of the muscle tone. After experimental immersion orthostatic tolerance approached the control level. The difference in the physiological effects of control and experimental immersions seem to be associated with the capacity of the human body to adapt to immersion, if it is applied intermittently.

[The antigravity suit, chamberless type, as a means of increasing orthostatic tolerance after water immersion hypokinesis and acceleration]. / Protivoperegruzochnyi kostium beskamernogo tipa kak sredstvo povysheniia ustoichivosti k ortostazu posle vodno-immersionnoi gipokinezii i peregruzok.

Orthostatic tolerance after 7-day dry immersion and head-to-feet acceleration was investigated on test subjects with and without an antigravity suit of bladderless type. With the suit on, the 20 min tilt test at 70 degrees prior to immersion induced less marked changes than without the suit. When the suit was on, cardiovascular reactions to tilt tests after immersion and acceleration improved. The maximum heart rate decreased from 135 +/- 4 to 101 +/- 5 beats/min (p less than 0.01), minimum stroke volume increased from 29 +/- 2 to 41 +/- 3 ml (p less than 0.05), and pulse pressure grew. Thus, an antigravity suit may help increase initial orthostatic tolerance and maintain it after the combined effect of simulated hypogravity and acceleration.

[Study of the mechanical activity of the skeletal muscles of dogs in vivo]. / Izuchenie mekhanicheskoi aktivnosti skeletnykh myshts sobak in vivo

Mechanical activity of gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles of dogs at different locomotion patterns was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the method of dynamomyography. Quantitative correlations between the strength parameters and electric activity of the muscles were studied. In walking and running the above muscles showed different types of contractions. This may be related to their morphological, anatomical and topographic features. The data obtained can be used to evaluate the state of skeletal muscles in different experimental models of a diminished motor activity.