[Merkel's cell cancer]. / Rak iz kletok Merkelia.

The authors present histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a rare skin tumor--merkelioma.

[Molecular biological and clinical-morphological studies of gastric tumors associated with Epstein-Barr virus]. / Molekuliarno-biologicheskoe i kliniko-morfologicheskoe issledovaniia opukholei zheludka, assotsiirovannykh s virusom Epshteina-Barr.

The paper presents the results of the studies of gastric cancer (GC) associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) among the patients residing in 4 geographical regions. In situ hybridization (ISH) techniques revealed that 49(11.4%) of the 430 examinees were EBV positive (EBV+), the virus-specific marker mRNA-1 of EBV, EBER-1) was found to be present in 80-100) of tumor cells. The proportion of EBV(+)-associated GC cases in different geographic regions ranged from 7.3 to 15%. These tumors were predominant in males (15%) as opposite to females (5.5%). Histological types most common among EBV+ tumors and their location in the stomach are also described. Serological findings indicated that the increased anti-EDV antibody response in 70% of GC cases coincided with the presence of the viral genetic information detected by ISH. In contrast to a humoral response to EBV, a humoral response to Helicobacter pylori was equal both in patients with EBV(+)- and EBV(-)-associated gastric tumors. Further molecular biological analysis of EBV isolates from virus positive and virus negative GC may answer the question whether there are really the so-called tumor and non-tumor variants of EBV.

[A "sugar" tumor of the lungs]. / "Sakharnaia" opukhol' legkikh.

Histological structure of a rare benign tumor ("sugar" tumor of the lung) is described.

[Variants of histological and electron-microscopic structure of lobular carcinoma of the breast]. / Varianty gistologicheskogo i elektronno-mikroskopicheskogo stroeniia dol'kovogo raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Histological and electron microscopic features of the structure of lobular carcinoma have been demonstrated on the material of 15 neoplasms of the mammary gland. It is suggested that alongside with the known classical and solid variants a microtubular variant of infiltrative lobular carcinoma be distinguished. In the opinion of the author, features of the cytological (small sizes, monomorphic type of cells and nuclei, clear cytoplasm) and electron microscopic (myofibrils, few organelles) structure of these tumors should constitute their main characteristic signs.

[Cytostatistical classification of stomach cancer using a taxonomic method]. / Tsitostatisticheskaia klassifikatsiia raka zheludka s pomoshch'iu taksonomicheskogo metoda.

To elaborate certain objective rules for the differential cytological classification of gastric cancer the initial material was studied, which was obtained from 100 gastric cancer patients based on cytological characteristics for 28 morphometric parameters. The results were processed on a computer by an approximation method of statistical classification, and 4 taxons were obtained: the 1st taxon (21 observations) comprised "diffuse" type tumors, characterized cytologically by an isolated arrangement of mucous and signet-ring cells; the 2d and 3d taxons (10 and 51 observations combined "intestinal" type gastric cancer, characterized by adenous complexing of columnar cells without mucus in the cytoplasm; the 4th taxon is characterized by the greatest variance in morphometrical indices and included tumors of anaplastic gastric cancer. The cytostatistical classification according to cell types corresponds to the Lauren histological classification of gastric cancer.

[Taxonomic method in the differential diagnosis of stomach cancer types based on cytological data]. / Taksonomicheskii metod v differentsial'noi diagnostike tipov raka zheludka po dannym tsitologicheskogo issledovaniia.

The results of computor classification of cytological materials were compared with those of cytomorphological analysis based on qualitative criteria to determine the possibility of using a taxonomical method (approximation method of statistical classification) in differential cytological diagnosis of gastric carcinoma. The materials examined included cytograms and biopsies obtained by gastrofibroscopy in 100 patients with gastric carcinoma. A program considering 28 morphometric parameters was used for computor treatment of the cytograms. Comparison of the results of computer classification (4 taxons) and cytomorphological analysis by qualitative criteria demonstrated their essential coincidence corresponding to the enteric, diffuse and anaplastic types of gastric carcinoma. Taxon I included 19 out of 28 cases of gastric carcinoma of the diffuse type, taxons II and III 48 tumors of the enteric type. The group of tumors of unspecified form distinguished by the cytomorphological analysis was distributed as follows: tumors for which no common opinion was reached (14) were distributed between taxons I and III; the tumors which could not be classified because of a low degree of differentiation were included into taxon IV. By this feature, cytograms of taxon IV tumors were designated as anaplastic gastric carcinoma. Computer classification of gastric carcinoma cytograms gave an objective and more orderly distribution of cytological objects than grouping by qualitative criteria.

[Electron microscopic structure of stomach cancer]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe stroenie raka zheludka.

Parallel histological and electron microscopy studies of 18 gastric cancers have demonstrated that the Lauren classification may be reproduced at ultrastructural level, which allow the type of carcinoma to be identified even in microscopically obscure cases. Intestinal type of cancer is characterized by marked intercellular connections, a brushy margin from enteroid microvilli and the cell cytoplasm rich in polyribosomes. A diffuse type is characterized by detached cells and the presence of mucoid secretion granules in them. The cells per se are similar to mucoid epithelium of gastric glands. Detection of tumor cells showing the signs of both enterocytes and mucoid epithelium of the stomach as well as the elements differentiating toward basic cells speaks in favour of histogenetic affinity of separate types of gastric cancer.

[Mechanism of formation of the psammoma bodies in serous adenocarcinomas of the ovaries]. / K voprosu o mekhanizme obrazovaniia psammomnykh telets v seroznykh adenokartsinomakh iaichnikov.

Histological and electron microscopic examinations of 7 serous adenocarcinomas of the ovaries permitted to follow all the stages of psammous body formation starting from the submicroscopic level. The formation of psammous bodies was shown to be connected with a relatively differentiated epithelium of the adenocarcinomas. Initially, microcrystals of oxyapatites are deposed on accumulations of protein substances in ergastoplasm cysterns and on mitochondrial cristae. With further accumulation of these crystals relatively large intracytoplasmic inclusions of oxyapatites are formed which after confluence fill the cell which results in its death. In this way a small psammous body becomes free-lying.

[Basal cell adenomas of the salivary glands]. / Bazal'nokletochnye adenomy sliunnykh zhelez

The author presents data on morphology and clinical features of basal-cell adenomas of the salivary gland (10 cases). Singling out this neoplasm into independent onconosological group seems reasonable since basal-cell adenoma not infrequently is erroneously diagnosed as cylindroma or mixed tumour of the salivary gland, which may lead to a wrong clinical prognosis and inadequate therapeutic measures. The clinical course of this tumour is benign. The main morphological feature of the tumour is a monomorphic character of cell elements, their palisade-like distribution over the periphery of individual tumour structures and a clear-cut delimination of the parenchyma from the stroma.