[Assessment of the role of nutritional and genetic determinants in the formation of the risk of diseases associated with folate cycle disorders in the population of the Omsk region].

A number of essential nutrients are involved in the folate cycle, and its effectiveness depends on the sufficient intake of them. In addition, polymorphic variants of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) and methionine synthase (MTR) genes affect a wide range of biochemical reactions of the folate cycle and should also be considered as a risk factor for the development of a number of diseases. The purpose of this research was to study the prevalence of these risk factors. Material and methods. The prevalence of polymorphisms of the folate cycle genes: C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene and A66G polymorphism of the MTRR gene in a random stratified (by sex and age) sample of the adult population of the Omsk region [n=139, 51 men, 88 women, aged 18 to 75 years, median age 37 (26; 48) years] was studied. The identification of polymorphisms was carried out by the method of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction with an electrophoretic detection scheme. Using the food intake frequency questionnaire, the dietary intake of nutrients involved in the folate cycle was determined: B vitamins (B6, B2, B9, B12), methionine, choline, in a representative stratified sample of residents of the Omsk region [n=421, 177 men, 244 women, aged 18 to 83 years, median age 37 (23; 57) years]. Results. MTHFR genotypes (A222V С677T C>T) were distributed as follows: CC-type - 51.3%, CT - 41.0%, TT - 7.7%; MTRR genotypes (I22M A>G): AA type - 57.9%, AG - 30.3%, GG - 11.8%. The analysis of actual nutrition showed consumption below the recommended dietary intake of folates in 88.2% persons, vitamin B2 and choline - in 40.5%, vitamin B6 - in 29.2%, methionine - in 22.0%. Vitamin B12 intake was within the recommended range. Conclusion. The totality of the data presented indicates the combined influence and wide distribution of factors that determine the low efficiency of the folate cycle, and, as a result, a high risk of developing a characteristic pathology for the adult population of the region, which determines the need and priorities for prevention measures, including healthy nutrition.

[INFLUENCE OF THE REGULAR INTAKE OF FERMENTED MILK PRODUCTS ENRICHED BY MICRONUTRIENTS ON SOME INDICES OF IRON METABOLISM IN ADOLESCENTS INVOLVED IN SPORTS].

There was performed an experimental study of the influence of regular intake offermented milk enriched by products "Bifidin" and "Prolacta" on indices of iron metabolism in adolescents of 12-17 years, involved in sports (n = 94). In all study participants there was made double blood test (every 60 days), there were determined the levels of hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, C-reactive protein. The intervention in the main group (n = 68) was in daily intake offermented milk product in a volume of 200 ml (1 Cup) in addition to the normal diet within 2 months, including 35 cases who had used the bioproduct "Bifidin" and 33 persons- bioproduct "Prolacta". The control group was consisted of 26 persons from the adolescents engaged in the same sections, but not taking additional fermented milk drinks. The average values of all studied indices in adolescent athletes of the main and control groups before and after the intervention were consistent with reference values. Latent iron deficiency was detected in 23.4 ± 4.4% of adolescents involved in sports. At the second point of the research in two months of intake of enriched dairy products in the main group there was noticed the gain in levels of serum iron, ferritin, and the decline of the concentration of C-reactive protein. The results of the study allow us to consider enriched dairy products "Bifidin" and "Prolacta" as one of the components of complex measures of prophylaxis of hypovitaminosis and microelementoses in adolescents who are actively involved in sports.

[PREVENTION OF ALIMENTARY-DEPENDENT PATHOLOGY IN ADOLESCENTS ON THE BASIS OF HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE].

With the aim of the substantiation of hygienic measures for the improvement of the prevention of nutrition-related diseases among adolescents there was performed an analysis of indices of the health-related quality of life, lifestyle features, the character of nutrition and health of adolescents aged of 13-17 years in the territory of the Omsk region (n = 427). The study of the health-related quality of life was performed with the use of the validated Russian-language version ofthe general questionnaire PedsQL-4.0. According to the results of the study there were identified the priority factors influencing the formation of the quality of life of adolescents. The nutrition of adolescents has a significant influence on the formation of quality of life. Among the many parameters that characterize the nutrition, the greatest contribution to the quality of life is made by the factor of "the amount of consumed meat products". The decline in quality of life was noted in adolescents with chronic diseases or disorders of the nutritional status as overweight. There were marked forward-looking possibilities of prevention of nutrition-related diseases on the base of indices of the quality of life, including measures for correction of adolescent nutrition, in-time detection of disturbances of the nutritional status, early diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases.

[HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS CONTENT IN THE FOOD RATION OF ADOLESCENTS].

INTRODUCTION: Adequate, balanced nutrition is a precondition for the formation of health of the younger generation. The study of the dietary intake and peculiarities of the chemical composition offood is needed to substantiate measures aimed at the correction of the ration of adolescents. PURPOSE: Hygienic evaluation of the content of water soluble vitamins in foods and the ration of teenage population of the Omsk region. TASKS OF THE STUDY: 1. To determine levels of water-soluble vitamins content in foods forming the basis of the ration of the population the Omsk region. 2. On the base of a study of the actual nutrition of adolescents to determine the levels of water-soluble vitamins consumption. 3. To give a hygienic assessment of adolescent nutrition in the Omsk region in terms of provision with water-soluble vitamins, and to identify priority directions of the alimentary correction of the revealed disorders. METHODS: The analysis of 389 food samples for the content of water-soluble vitamins (B1, B2, B6, PP C, folic acid) was performed with the use of reversed-phase HPLC high pressure on the Shimadzu LC-20 Prominence detector. The hygienic assessment of the actual nutrition of adolescents aged 13-17 years (sample survey; n = 250; 2012-2014) in the Omsk region was performed by the method of the analysis of food consumption frequency. RESULTS: There were noted significantly lower concentrations of vitamin B1 and B2 in the studied samples of cereals, bread and vegetables in comparison with reference data. Consumption levels of vitamins B1, B2, PP folic acid in the diet of adolescents in the Omsk region are lower than recommended values. In the structure of nutrition there is not enough milk dairy products--in 82.4 ± 2.4%, fish and sea products in 90.8 ± 1.8% of adolescents. CONCLUSION: The actual nutrition of the adolescent population of the Omsk region is irrational, unbalanced in quantitative and qualitative terms, and does not provide the necessary level of consumption of most important water-soluble vitamins. Priority for the correction nutrients there are B1, B2, folic acid (B0).

[HYGIENIC SUBSTANTIATION OF NUTRITIONAL PREVENTION OF HYPOVITAMINOSIS B9 AND B12 IN THE POPULATION OF THE OMSK REGION].

The aim of the study--the assessment of the prevalence of hypovitaminoses B9 (folic acid) and B12 in the population of the city of Omsk and the determination of the possibility of their nutritional prevention. The subject of study--the adult population (18-59 years). The actual nutrition was studied by method of analysis of the frequency of food consumption. Prevalence of hypovitaminoses B9 and B12 was estimated upon the results of laboratory tests of blood by immunochemiluminiscent methods. Established prevalence of hypovitaminoses B (folic acid) and B12 in the population of the city of Omsk accounted for 63.2 ± 5.8% and 13.2 ± 4.1%, respectively. There was shown the possibility of correction of supply with vitamins by means of regular taking offermented dairy product "Prolacta". The serum content of vitamin B12 after a 2-month course of daily use of the product was increased by 17.8%, and the serum folate content--by 29.1%. The proportion of cases with insufficient content ofvitamin B9 in the experimental group decreased from 80.0 ± 6.8% to 38.7 ± 8.7%.