Prognostic value of continued smoking on survival and recurrence rates in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the prognostic value of continued smoking after diagnosis on survival and recurrence rates in head and neck cancer. METHODS: A systematic search was performed and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen and select the articles. The remaining articles were critically appraised. RESULTS: Six articles were used for data extraction. The survival rate of patients who continued to smoke was 21% to 35% lower compared with patients who quit smoking. The recurrence rate for continued smoking was 23% and 30% higher. In 1 study, there was no difference between continuation and cessation of smoking, and 1 study showed a higher recurrence rate for patients who continued to smoke, which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There is consistent evidence that survival rates are lower and recurrence rates are higher for patients who continue to smoke after being diagnosed with head and neck cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2214-E2220, 2016.

[A woman with overlapping growth of nail plate fragments]. / Een vrouw met dakpansgewijze groei van de teennagels.

A 38-year-old woman presented with nail abnormalities on both of the halluces, consisting of overlapping growth of nail plate fragments, diagnosed as onychomadesis. The onychomadesis was provoked by trauma.