RESUMO
Infectious diseases in older people are much more frequent, and mortality from them is higher than in young people. Vaccination is the most effective and least expensive preventative measure for a number of infectious diseases. However, vaccines that are effective in young people are often ineffective in older people over 65, which is a result of a gradual decrease in the functional capacity of the immune systems, which occurs with age, and is called «immunosenescence¼. Age-related changes in the cellular and humoral immunity worsen the primary response to vaccines and weaken the development of long-term immunological memory. Recent studies suggest that one of the possible causes of the occurrence and maintenance of «immunosenescence¼ may be myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells have been shown to inhibit the functions of innate and adaptive immunity cells through a number of mechanisms. In this review, we provide information that emphasizes the role of MDSCs in inhibiting the immune response to vaccines during aging, and also substantiates possible ways to overcome this immunological obstacle.
Assuntos
Imunossenescência , Células Supressoras Mieloides , Imunidade Adaptativa , Adolescente , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento , Humanos , VacinaçãoRESUMO
The relation was studied between the density of the electrical charge of the surface (DECS) and the karyological structure of the rat ovary tumour (OT) cells. For this purpose the sedimentation rate and electrical mobility of cells from two OT clones were measured. The OT1 and OT2 clones differed in their modal chromosome numbers (44 and 80-90, respectively). An increase in DECS by 4-5% on the average occurs in cells with the chromosome set close to the tetraploid one. The further increase in the chromosome number to the octaploid one does not change DECS. The results obtained show stability of DECS with significant changes in the structure of the OT cells karyotype.
