[Flow measurements in the major visceral arteries (author's transl)]. / Flussmessung an den grossen Eingeweidearterien.

Arterial flow was measured by the spill-over technique in 202 coeliac arteries and 158 superior mesenteric arteries during the course of visceral angiography in 250 patients. In the coeliac artery a mean value of 15.8 +/- 4.3 ml/sec was obtained, flow in the super mesenteric artery was significantly less at 12.1 +/- 3.4 ml/sec. The wide variation from 4 to 26 ml/sec in the coeliac artery was remarkable, as well as flows from six to 20 ml/sec in the superior mesenteric artery.

[Disturbances in C.S.F. circulation after subarachnoid bleeds--a comparison of pneumoencephalographic and scintigraphic findings (author's transl)]. / Liquorzirkulationsstörungen nach Subarachnoidalblutungen--vergleichende pneumenzephalographische und liquorszintigraphische Untersuchungen.

Haemorrhages into the subarachnoid space lead to scarlike changes in the leptomeninges in some patients. If these changes reach a certain severity, circulation of the C.S.F.. is compromised and absorption reduced. This eventually results in ventricular dilatation which, in severe cases, is clinically manifested by dementia, motor ataxia and incontinence. The early stages of the disturbance in C.S.F. circulation were examined scintigraphically in 165 patients with spontaneous traumatic or operative subarachnoid bleeding. In the presence of abnormal findings which suggested the need for C.S.F. shunting, air encephalography was carried out in addition. Special attention was paid to the demonstration of the extent and localisation of occlusions of the basal cisterns and of the cortical subarachnoid spaces. Typical scintigraphic and pneumoencephalographic findings are demonstrated and their diagnostic value compared.

[Angiography of face and skull base (author's transl)]. / Angiographische Diagnostik der Gesichtsregion und der Schädelbasis.

The anatomic and technical conditions of the angiography of the face and the skull base are described. The significance of the catheter technique for selective demonstration of branches of the external carotid artery is stressed. The communications between the internal and the external carotid artery are discussed as well as the angiographic problems of arteriovenous fistulae and of hypervascular tumors. The selective angiography of the internal and the external carotid artery is an important tool of neuroradiology. By exact anatomic correlation of individual vessels and pathologic processes of the face and the skull base it is of interest also for oto-rhino-laryngology. Because of pain associated with the injection of contrast material general anaesthesia is deriable for the angiography of the external carotid artery.

[Diastematomyelia--a harmless finding or cause of late neurological disturbance? (author's transl)]. / Diastematomyelie--ein harmloser Zufallsbefund oder Ursache später Rückenmarksschäden?

Diastematomyelia is said to produce neurological lesions. Several new cases of diastematomyelia are reported without any neurological defect. They are discussed and compared with similar cases from the literature. Apparently the fixation of the spinal cord by diastematomyelia seems not to be the primary cause of the "tethering cord syndrome". Other conditions which are sometimes associated with diastematomyelia (myelodysplasia, dysraphia of the spinal cord etc.) may be the primary cause of progressive neurological lesions.

[A new and simple method for determining the position of the venous angle on the lateral angiogram (author's transl)]. / Eine neue und einfache Methode zur Lagebestimmung des Angulus venosus im seitlichen Angiogramm.

The authors describe a new and very simple method for the localisation of the venous angle on the lateral view of carotid angiography: the venous angle projects exactly on the midpoint of a line between the endobregma and the base of the external auditory meatus.

[Lesions of the cauda equina after dimer-X myelography (author's transl)]. / Akutes Kaudasyndrom nach Dimer X Myelographie.

The authors describe five cases of an uncommon complication after Dimer X Myelography consisting in a more or less complete lesion of the caudia equina. Up to the present only seven similar cases have been reported in the literature. The evolution and the clinical symptoms of these cases were similar to those reported by others. While in the cases presented the clinical outcome was favourable, with complete recovery in all cases, less favourable evolutions with definitive neurological symptoms are described by others.

Computed tomography of trauma involving brain and facial skull (craniofacial injuries).

Among head injuries, frontobasal fractures play an important role due to frequently concomitant intracranial complications. Intracranial hematomas, cerebral contusions, depressed fractures, and intracranial air are readily detected by computed tomography (CT). Traumatization of intraorbital structures often associated with blowout fractures and herniation of cerebral parenchyma into the ethmoidal, frontal, or sphenoidal sinuses are best demonstrated by CT. In assessing soft tissue structures, CT is superior to multidirectional tomography, which tends to be more suitable for fine detail study of bony structures. Furthermore, CT is helpful for diagnosing inflammatory processes due to bacterial invasion not infrequently following traumatic communication between the paranasal sinuses and the cranial cavity. Sequelae of head trauma such as posttraumatic porencephaly are clearly demonstrated by CT.

[Diastematomyelia--its importance in the treatment of congenital scoliosis]. / Diastematomyelie--ihre Bedeutung für die Behandlung von Missbildungsskoliosen

The risk of neurologic complications following corrective surgery in congenital scoliosis is ten times greater than in idiopathic scoliosis, the main reasons being transfixation of the spinal cord by diastematomyelia or by other adhesions of the spinal cord. Therefore preoperative myelography is advisable in congenital scoliosis. The typical findings from 3 cases of diastematomyelia, as shown by myelography and by operation, are presented. The clinical and x-ray features are shown as well as neurological signs, which are easily overlooked.

Cerebral vasospasm after brain injury.

Severe vasospasm of the supraclinoidal portion of the internal carotid artery and the proximal part of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries was displayed by cerebral angiography in a 45 year old female patient who had developed progressive disturbance of consciousness and marked meningism with extremely bloody lumbar CSF within a few days after craniocerebral trauma. Aneurysm could be excluded angiographically and operatively. One and a half weeks after evacuation of a subdural haematoma and an intracerebral contusional bleeding, when the patient was discharged without any neurological deficit, control angiography showed that angiospasm had disappeared. The scanty literature on cerebral vasospasm after brain trauma is reviewed. The role of traumatic angiospasm in prognosis and the necessity for broad indications for cerebral angiography in cases with brain contusion is emphasized.

Arteriovenous malformations of the transverse dural sinus.

Clinical, radioanatomical, and therapeutic aspects of dural arteriovenous malformations in the region of the transverse sinsu are discussed on the basis of seven personal observations and the analysis of 72 reported cases. Common symptoms are headache and troublesome tinnitus aurium. More serious neurological deficiencies may occur as a result of distrubance in cerebral hemodynamics. A complete neuroradiological investigation is essential for adequate treatment. Most frequent arterial feeders are the occipital, tentorial, and middle meningeal arteries. Ligation of the occipital artery is not sufficient in most cases. Operative isolation of the transverse sinus by craniotomy and dural section is considered by far the most successful treatment and should be performed whenever ligations fail or are not indicated.

[Eosinophilic granuloma of the bone in adults (author's transl)]. / Das eosinophile Knochengranulom bei Erwachsenen

Eosinophilic granuloma of the bone shows a characteristic age distribution with an incidence of 75% in children. According to our observations, however, its occurrence in adults is not as rare as one should expect from the number of cases reported in the literature. The clinical and radiologic diagnosis can be established in many cases if the possibility of an eosinophilic granuloma is considered and certain criteria are taken in consideration. Solitary osteolytic changes should be biopsied early in order to avoid unnecessary and expensive examinations. The X-ray signs which can lead to the diagnosis are discussed and illustrated, and 7 cases of eosinophilic granuloma in adults are presented.

[The role of diastematomyelia in the differential diagnosis and treatment of kyphoscoliotic paraplegia]. / Le rôle de la diastématomyélie dans le diagnostic différentiel et le traitement des paraplégies cyphoscoliotiques.

By its frequent association with malformative scoliosis and neurological symptoms diastematomyelia has an important place in the diagnostic and treatment of cyphoscoliotic neurological syndromes. In all these cases and even in cases without neurological deficits the diagnosis of disatematomyelia should be done by routine myelography. The indication for operation is often curative in cases with neurological signs and prophylactic in those without.