[Comparative analysis of 2% and 4% articaine solution efficacy and safety for the local anesthesia]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz primeneniya 2% i 4% rastvora artikaina pri in"ektsionnoi mestnoi anestezii.

AIM: To determine the functional diagnostics criteria for predicting the effectiveness of using 2% and 4% solutions articaine without vasoconstrictor and with epinephrine content of 1:200.000. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 357 patients (193 women and 164 men) aged 20 to 35 years. with the presence of intact single-rooted and multi-rooted teeth without periodontal pathology without pronounced general somatic pathology, and with a low level of situational anxiety according to the Spielberger-Khanin scale. All the patients received injection anesthesia by the infiltration method of 2% and 4% articaine solution without vasoconstrictor or with epinephrine concentration of 1:200.000. The effectiveness of local anesthesia was assessed by recording functional parameters (electrosensitivity threshold test and hemomicrocirculation) of the pulp of intact single-root and multi-root teeth before anesthesia, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after local anesthesia. The safety of the anesthesia was determined by continuous monitoring of the patient's hemodynamic parameters: blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation before anesthesia and within 60 minutes after. RESULTS: Articaine solution 2% with epinephrine concentration of 1:200.000 used for infiltration or modified periodontal anesthesia resulted in pulp electrosensitivity threshold growth by 95.93% and 93.58%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in hemodynamic values between both study groups. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the data obtained showed the effectiveness and safe anesthesia with drugs based on 2% articaine with an epinephrine concentration of 1:200.000.

[Anti-inflammatory effect of therapeutic and low-frequency ultrasound on a rat model of inflammatory process].

The results of experimental investigations of the anti-inflammatory effect of ultrasound on the inflammatory process on a rat model of carrageenan-induced edema of the hind limb are given in this article. The technique used in the experiment showing ultrasound exposure parameters and how to control characteristics of the inflammatory process is described. The anti-inflammatory effect of ultrasound is established.

[Comparative kinetics of 3-hydroxyphenazepam and its metabolism during transdermal and intravenous administration]. / Osobennosti sravnitel'noi kinetiki ékskretsii 3-hydroxyphenazepama i ego metabolitov pri transdermal'nom i vnutrivennom vvedeniiakh.

The kinetics of excretion of 2-(14)C-3-hydroxyphenazepam and its metabolites were studied upon a single transdermal and intravenous administration in mice. The main fraction of the total radioactivity (approximately 80%) was eliminated within approximately 84 h upon intravenous injection and within approximately 360 h after transdermal introduction. In the latter case, the ratio of lipophilic and hydrophilic metabolites is modified as well: the former fraction increases by a factor of 1.75, while the latter decreases by a factor of 1.2 as compared to the case of intravenous drug administration.

Effect of lauric acid on transdermal penetration of phenazepam in vivo.

We studied the effect of lauric acid on transdermal penetration of phenazepam in vivo. It was found that treatment with lauric acid 3-fold increased the maximum anticonvulsive effect of phenazepam applied in a transdermal therapeutic system in comparison with the control. Study of the pharmacokinetics of phenazepam transdermal therapeutic system showed its higher bioavailability in the presence of lauric acid (f=0.9).

Biokinetics of transdermal 3-hydroxyphenazepam.

The kinetics of labeled 3-hydroxyphenazepam (active phenazepam metabolite) after its intravenous and transdermal administration was studied. Biphasic kinetic of drug distribution in the organism was revealed; pharmacokinetic parameters and biological availability (1.32 0.12 for the plasma and 1.21 0.10 for the brain) were determined on the basis of total radioactivity of the plasma and brain.

Biokinetics of transdermal therapeutic medicinal form of phenazepam.

We studied the rate of phenazepam absorption into the blood and its transport to the brain from a transdermal therapeutic system and bioavailability of the drug in this system. Hydrogel matrix consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and 1,2-propylene glycol was used for application. Transdermal application of 0.1-0.4 mg phenazepam in a dose of 14 mg/kg provided a stable level of this drug during application interval (1-48 h), while its bioavailability for blood plasma and brain was 0.63 and 0.2, respectively (determined for 0.4 mg phenazepam). The rate of drug penetration into the blood and brain was 46 and 60 ng/ml/h, respectively.