Modeling of Chronic Lung Inflammation in Rats by Repeated Intratracheal Administration of LPS.

A model of a chronic lung inflammation in SPF Sprague-Dawley rats was developed by repeated intratracheal administration of LPS in a dose of 0.4 mg/kg. On day 22 of the study, male rats treated with LPS have relative monocytopenia and reduced mean concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte and the mean platelet volume in comparison with the control animals (saline). Intratracheal administration of LPS induced an inflammatory process in the lungs characterized by focal atelectasis, compensatory emphysematous expansion of subpleural pulmonary acini, focal mononuclear and neutrophilic perivascular and peribronchial infiltration, and minor focal mononuclear and neutrophilic infiltration of the alveolar walls. Against the background of LPS administration, germinal centers appeared in the lymphoid follicles of the white pulp of the spleen, and focal mononuclear infiltration of the tracheal mucosa and/or submucosa was observed in some animals.

Taxifolin Reduces Blood Pressure in Elderly Hypertensive Male Wistar Rats.

Male Wistar rats aged 10 months were assigned to groups according to the initial level of systolic BP: hypertensive (systolic BP >115 mm Hg) and normotensive (systolic BP <115 mm Hg). The animals were injected intraperitoneally with 100 µg/kg taxifolin daily for 7 days. Systolic BP and HR were measured on the next day after single taxifolin administration and on the next day after 7-day injection course. In the group of hypertensive animals, systolic BP markedly decreased on the next day after the first injection; this decrease became even more pronounced (to the level of normotensive animals) at the end of the taxifolin course. In the group of normotensive animals, systolic BP remained unchanged. Hence, we demonstrate the possibility of course administration of taxifolin for BP normalization in hypertensive patients.

Discerning Comparison of 1 and 0.5% Ethylene Glycol in Sprague-Dawley Rats with Modeled Urolithiasis.

A common method of modeling urolithiasis is the use of 1 and 0.75% ethylene glycol, or a combination of ethylene glycol with other lithogens, but too rapid progression of the disease and multiple organ toxicity have been reported. We developed a urolithiasis model in Sprague-Dawley rats, in which the animals received a relatively low concentration of ethylene glycol (0.5%), but for a long-term period (6 weeks) followed by animal observation during the 6-week recovery period. In urine samples, signs of the urolithiasis development were observed starting from the sixth week: the presence of ketones, decrease in diuresis and urine pH; in the blood, urea, protein, and hematocrit were elevated. However, no leukocytes were detected in the urine; in the blood, no shifts in differential leukocyte count and no elevation in ALT, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglycerides were observed, which indicates the absence of multiple organ failure while using 1% ethylene glycol. In addition, the animals receiving 0.5% ethylene glycol were followed up to 12 weeks in contrast to animals receiving 1% ethylene glycol (the experiment in this case was stopped during the third week for ethical reasons).

Effect of Standard and High-Fat Diets during Modeling of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats on the Development of Complications.

For evaluation of the effect of high-fat diet on the development of diabetic complications, the rats were maintained on standard or high-fat diet. In 3 weeks, diabetes mellitus was modeled by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Changes in hematological parameters, physical and biochemical parameters of the urine, and in the development of thermal allodynia were different after 15-week standard and high-fat diets.

[Surgical treatment of patients with fractures of distal metaepiphysis of the radial bone].

Traumatologic emergency to patients with primary unstable, comminuted, intraarticular fractures of distal metaepiphysis of the radial bone (DMRB) should be provided in steady-state conditions, using reliable methods of reposition and retention of the fixed bone fragments. The strategy of treatments of fractures of DMRB first consisting in closed reposition and in surgery in case of failure or secondary displacement is thought to be outdated. In patients with symptoms of unstable fractures active surgical strategy should be used before complications appear.

[Surgical treatment of the aortic arch aneurysm. Immediate results]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie anevrizmy gugi aorty. Blizhaishie rezul'taty.

There was performed the retrospective analysis of 23 consecutive patients, to whom beside the ascending aorta aneurysm correction the aorta arch prosthesis was done in conditions of deep hypothermia, the blood circulation arrest with retrograde cerebral perfusion via vena cava superior. For an acute layering and aneurysm of aorta with pericardium tamponade or hemothorax occurrence 16 (69.6%) of patients were operated on in emergency. Hospital mortality had constituted 21.7%, including after an urgent operation performance--25% and elective surgery--14.3%.

[Surgical treatment of the ascending aorta aneurysm in Marfan's syndrome]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie anevrismy voskhodiashchei chasti aorty u bol'nykh s sindromom Marfana.

Retrospective analysis of the treatment results was done in 115 patients with Marphan's syndrome, operated on for the ascending aorta aneurysm. In 100 patients the complete replacement of ascending aorta and aortal valve was performed, using valvecontaining conduit with reimplantation of coronary arteries ostium into vascular prostheses (operation according to Bentalla--De Bono), in 62 of them--in our modification; in 6--the aortal valve prosthesis and aneurysmorrhaphy, in 7--the aortal valve prosthesis and aneurysmal resection with external enveloping of ascending aorta using vascular prosthesis (Robicsek operation); in 2--the valvepreserving operation on aortal valve with replacement of ascending aorta using vascular prosthesis. General mortality in hospital was 13%, including that after aneurysmorrhaphy--50%, the Robicsek operation--14.3%, Bentala--De Bono--11%. Late results (in terms from 1 year to 17.5 years) were studied up in 84 patients. The author considers Bentalla--De Bono operation the method of choice for the ascending aorta aneurysm in patients with Marphan's syndrome. The introduction of modification, proposed by him, promotes prophylaxis of the bleeding occurrence in immediate postoperative period.

[The surgical treatment of an aortic aneurysm following a prior correction of its coarctation]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie anevrizmy aorty posle predshestvuiushchei korrektsii ee koarktatsii.

In a group of 381 patients who were operated on for coarctation of the aorta 34 (8.9%) were found to have an aneurysm of the aorta in the zone of the correction in the late-term postoperative period. The frequency of aneurysm formation was greater in patients with flap plastics. Fifteen patients underwent a second operation for aneurysm of the aorta, 2 (13.3%) of them died. In the group of patients who were not operated on 6 (31.6%) died.