[Immune links in the system organization of behaviour].

The work is devoted to the research of immune mechanisms in self-control of various functional systems of homeostatic and behavioral levels. Distinction of immune mechanisms in rats with different prognostic stress-resistance is established. Immunization of rats by conjugates of various neuromediators with bovine serum albumin selectively changes the animals stress-resistance. Participation cytokines in reactions of a brain's separate neurons and their interaction with a leading neuromediator - norepinephrine is established. Individual changes of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood serum are shown in rats with different stress-resistance. There are revealed features of morphological distinctions of immunogenic structures small intestine fabrics in animals with various behavioral activity in the "Open field" test.

Dynamics of dopamine and norepinephrine contents in the dorsal hippocampus of rats during immunization with dopamine conjugate.

The dynamics of dopamine and norepinephrine contents in the dorsal hippocampus of rats immunized with a dopamine-BSA conjugate was studied during immobilization stress by mean of the microdialysis technique. Immunization with dopamine conjugate was accompanied by intensive production of antibodies against dopamine in rat blood and a tendency toward an increase in dopamine content in the dorsal hippocampus even in the basal state (before stress exposure). Under stress conditions, dopamine content in the dorsal hippocampus of immunized rats significantly increased. In control rats, stress was accompanied by a significant increase in norepinephrine content in the dorsal hippocampus. The observed peculiarities in dopamine and norepinephrine contents in the dorsal hippocampus of rats immunized with a dopamine conjugate were typical of active animals more resistant to emotional stress.

Stress reactions in rats during immunization to serotonin.

We studied the effect of immunization with a serotonin-bovine serum albumin conjugate on parameters of stress reaction to immobilization stress in rats. Active immunization was accompanied by changes in parameters reflecting animal resistance to emotional stress. The observed changes can be interpreted as a decrease in individual resistance to emotional stress. Active immunization of rats with a serotonin-bovine serum albumin conjugate was accompanied by production of autoantibodies against serotonin and dopamine. The role of autoantibodies against dopamine in modulation of the effect of immunization with serotonin-bovine serum albumin conjugate on the stress reaction in rats is discussed.

Reaction of sensorimotor cortex neurons to stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in conditions of microiontophoretic application of tetragastrin and bradykinin: the role of food reinforcement.

Experimental data were obtained on the nature of rabbit sensorimotor cortex neuron reactions to stimulation of the food motivation center of the lateral hypothalamus in conditions in which food was or was not presented to the animals combined with microiontophoretic application of tetragastrin and bradykinin. These neuropeptides were able to alter the relationship between motivation and reinforcement.

[The neuronal reaction of the sensorimotor cortex to stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus with a background of the microiontophoretic administration of tetragastrin and bradykinin: the role of food reinforcement]. / Reaktsiia neironov sensomotornoi kory na razdrazhenie lateral'nogo gipotalamusa na fone mikroionoforeticheskogo podvedeniia tetragastrina i bradikinina: rol' pishchevogo podkrepleniia.

Reactions of neurons of sensorimotor cortex to stimulation of the "center of hunger" in the lateral hypothalamus were studied at the background of microiontophoretic application of gastrin, and bradikinin in satiated freely behaving rabbits under conditions of presence or absence of free access to food. It was shown that food reinforcement essentially changed reactions of neurons to electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus at the background of application of neuropeptides under study. This probably led to specific reorganization in the neuronal system which underlay the mechanism of interaction between motivation and reinforcement influences on the neurons.

[Molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship of motivation and supporting stimulation in brain neurons]. / Molekuliarnye mekhanizmy, lezhashchie v osnove vzaimodeistviia motivatsionnogo i podkrepliaiushchego vozbuzhdenii na neironakh mozga.

The nature of neuronal impulse activities in the sensory area of the brain was studied in rats given ouabain and cycloheximide by electric stimulation of the cold center of the lateral hypothalamus in the presence or absence of readily available feed. Microionophoretic administration of ouabain into the cortical neurons resulted in similar charges in the impulse effects of nerve cells on the stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus both in the presence and in the absence of the feed available to the animals. That of cycloheximide led to significant changes in the frequency of discharge activities of the cells that had initially shown their response to electric irritation of the lateral hypothalamus in the presence of the feed readily available to the animals.

[An increase in the virulence of Yersinia pestis bacteria when the cells are incubated in hemolyzed human erythrocytes]. / Povyshenie virulentnosti bakterii Yersinia pestis pri inkubatsii kletok v gemolizirovannykh éritrotsitakh krovi cheloveka.

The incubation of Y. pestis, the causative agent of plague, in hemolyzed human red blood cells at 37 degrees C for 3 hours enhanced the virulence of vaccine strain EV76 in white mice and guinea pigs and decreased the LD50 of attenuated strains. The phenomenon of increased virulence has been observed only in case of the combined injection of bacteria with the incubation medium. The virulence of Y. pestis cells, introduced alone after such treatment, has proved to remain at the same level.

[Use of aminazine for obtaining isogenic variants of Yersinia pestis strain EV76 with a different set of plasmids]. / Ispol'zovanie aminazina dlia polucheniia izogennykh variantov shtamma Yersinia pestis EV76 s razlichnym naborom plazmid.

A method was elaborated for elimination of plasmids from the plague microbe by aminazine. A set of isogenic derivatives of the vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV76 with different plasmid profiles has been obtained.

Changes in the responses of the neurons of the sensorimotor cortex to stimulation of the hunger centre of the lateral hypothalamus.

The responses of sensorimotor cortical neurons in hungry and in fed rabbits to stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic (LH) hunger centre were studied in the presence and absence of food. It was found that in the absence of food the response of the sensorimotor cortical neurons to LH stimulation differed between hungry and fed animals. No changes in firing rate were observed in 50% of neurons in hungry rabbits, and firing was inhibited in 45% of neurons in fed animals. Feeding reinforcement changed the nature of neuronal responses to LH stimulation. Qualitative changes in the responses to LH stimulation were observed in 77% of neurons in hungry rabbits, and in 61% of neurons in fed rabbits. Most neurons increased their rate of firing both in hungry and in fed animals.

[The utilization of heme iron by Yersinia pestis in human blood and blood sera]. / Utilizatsiia gemovogo zheleza Yersinia pestis v krovi i syvorotkakh krovi cheloveka.

Y. pestis, the causative agents of plague, have been found to be incapable of using heme iron bound to haptoglobin and hemopexin complexes in human blood and blood serum, and protein components of the serum are not the factors inhibiting this process. At the same time iron of free hemoglobin can be successfully utilized by Y. pestis in the systems used in this study. On the contrary, hemin not only produces any stimulating effect on the growth of Y. pestis in blood serum, but leads to the death of these bacteria [correction of lasteria].

[Relation between the Yersinia phage and bacteriophages isolated from the environment]. / Rodstvennye sviazi mezhdu chumnym i vydelennym iz vneshnei sredy bakteriofagom.

The bacteriophage designated RD2 has been isolated from the sewage in Rostov-on-Don city and studied. The morphology of bacteriophage particles and the biological properties of the bacteriophage make it related to the plague bacteriophage isolated by D'Errel. The molecular masses of the compared bacteriophages are almost identical being 26.4 +/- 0.4 Md for RD2 and 24.7 +/- 0.2 Md for D'Errel bacteriophage. The DNAs of the bacteriophages share 80% of homology and possess 15 nonhomologous regions scattered along the genomes. The phages are serologically related. The DNAs of both bacteriophages give the similar pattern of hydrolysis by restriction endonuclease EcoRV, but have the different sensitivity to many other restriction endonucleases. The protein specter of bacteriophage RD2 contains 18 polypeptides (11 minor ones), while the one of D'Errel bacteriophage contains 7 polypeptides similar in molecular mass with the polypeptides of RD2. The bacteriophage RD2 cannot be considered one of the plague causative agents of bacteriophages since the region where it has been isolated has a long epidemiological and epizootical record of absence of plague.

[Utilization of hemoglobin by the plague microbe]. / Utilizatsiia gemoglobina chumnym mikrobom.

Hemin and hemoglobin are found to be adequate sources of iron for growth of Yersinia pestis. The mechanism of their assimilation is similar and consists of absorbtion of the free intact hem molecule.

[Characteristics of the process of transferrin iron utilization by Yersinia pestis at various incubation temperatures]. / Kharakteristika protsessa utilizatsii zheleza transferrina Yersinia pestis pri razlichnykh temperaturakh inkubatsii bakterii.

The study has revealed that for the utilization of iron contained in transferrin the direct contact of Y. pestis with this metalloprotein is necessary. At 28 degrees C Y. pestis utilizes iron contained in transferrin. At 37 degrees C Y. pestis absorbs transferrin, but cannot utilize its iron, which is probably linked with disturbances in the system of the transfer of iron from the transferrin receptor complex into the bacterial cell.

[Role of iron in Yersinia pestis multiplication in normal mammalian blood sera]. / Rol' zheleza pri pazmnozhenii Yersinia pestis v normal'nykh syvorotkakh krovi mlekopitaiushchikh.

Y. pestis multiply in normal blood sera of susceptible and nonsusceptible animals at 28 degrees C, while at 37 degrees C bacteriostasis has been registered. Inhibition of the growth of Y. pestis at this temperature is due to the limited supply of iron to bacterial cells.

[Responses of neurons of the frontal area of the cortex of the rabbit to electric stimulation of certain limbic-mesencephalic structures after administration of substance P]. / Reaktsii neironov lobnoi oblasti kory mozga krolika na élektricheskuiu stimuliatsiiu nekotorykh limbiko-mezentsefalicheskikh obrazovanii pri vvedenii veshchestva P.

In rabbits tested on behavioural reactions by electrical stimulation of certain limbic-midbrain structures, intravenous injection of substance P (30 mcg/kg) led after 10 min of silent period to a decrease of spontaneous neuronal activity in the frontal cortex. Convergence of excitations arising from the lateral hypothalamus, the dorsal hippocampus and the midbrain reticular formation was also found to decrease after the substance P injection. Analysis of neuronal responses allowed to establish that substance P markedly changed the ascending excitations of the lateral hypothalamus and was less effective for the influences from the midbrain reticular formation.

[Sensitivity of neurons in the rabbit thalamus parafascicular complex to angiotensin II during stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' neironov parafastsikuliarnogo kompleksa talamusa krolika k angiotensinu II pri razdrazhenii ventromedia'nogo gipotalamusa.

A study was made of the sensitivity of parafascicular neurons of the thalamus to angiotensin II (A-II) applied microiontophoretically. Almost half of the neurons investigated (48,5%) were discovered to be sensitive to the peptide. Stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus provoked marked changes in the pattern of the responses of parafascicular neurons of the thalamus to A-II. The data obtained suggest that the sensitivity of parafascicular neurons of the thalamus, the pattern of responses to biologically active substances may be altered dynamically under the influence of excitations evoked by stimulation of the hypothalamus.

[Effect of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate on central neurons]. / O deistvii tsiklicheskogo 3',5'-adenozinmonofosfata na tsentral'nye neirony.

In experiments on unanesthetized non-immobilized rabbits, unit responses in the cortex and thalamus to the cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMPh) were studied by means of microionophoresis. It was shown that cAMPh changes the pattern of background unit activity, increasing or decreasing the discharge frequency. cAMPh changes unit responses both to acetylcholine and noradrenaline. These data permit, to assume that cAMPh participates both in adrenergic and in acetylocholinergic mechanisms of excitation processing in brain neurones.