RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Local inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) and chemokines exert catabolic effects on articular cartilage either through paracrine and/or autocrine mechanisms. We sought to compare the expression levels of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) and its chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) in donor and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage and to investigate the role of CCL20 in the pathogenesis of OA and chondrocyte phenotype. METHODS: Cartilage/chondrocytes from donor and OA knee joints was analyzed for CCL20 and CCR6 expression by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Effects of CCL20 on cytokines and mediators of cartilage degradation were examined by RT-PCR for mRNA expression levels, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and proteoglycan (GAG) assays. RESULTS: CCL20 and CCR6 proteins were abundantly expressed in OA cartilage sections compared to donor sections as judged by immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR of cartilage extracts confirmed the predominance of CCL20/CCR6 mRNA expression in OA cartilage. CCL20 mRNA expression was low in donor chondrocytes but increased after stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines. mRNA expression levels of IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and iNOS were elevated in donor chondrocyte cultures treated with rhCCL20. The release of MMP1/13, PGE2, proteoglycan GAG fragments, and IL-6 from cartilage explant cultures was markedly augmented in the presence of CCL-20. CCL-20 stimulated MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, and col type X mRNA but inhibited col type II mRNA expression in freshly explanted and cultured cartilage specimens. CONCLUSIONS: CCL20/CCR6 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OA by inducing changes in phenotype and catabolic gene expression in chondrocytes.
Assuntos
Cartilagem Articular/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL20/metabolismo , Osteoartrite do Joelho/metabolismo , Proteínas ADAM/genética , Proteína ADAMTS5 , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Quimiocina CCL20/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Articulação do Joelho/metabolismo , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 13 da Matriz/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/genética , Nitritos/metabolismo , Proteoglicanas/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptores CCR6/genética , Receptores CCR6/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Pediatric ganglion cyst of the hand is a rare entity. Its incidence is even lower in those arising from the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint. We herein report the first known case of a ganglion cyst of the first MP joint in a 14-year-old boy. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
Assuntos
Cistos Glanglionares , Articulação Metacarpofalângica , Adolescente , Cistos Glanglionares/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistos Glanglionares/patologia , Cistos Glanglionares/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Articulação Metacarpofalângica/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação Metacarpofalângica/cirurgia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Congenital kyphoscoliosis (CKS) results from abnormal vertebral chondrification. Congenital fibrous bands occur in several locations with variable impact on vertebral development. We report a previously unreported case of a female infant with CKS presenting with an L2 hypoplastic vertebra and a costo-vertebral fibrous band extending to the skin in the form of a dimple. We also describe the therapeutic approach, consisting of surgical excision of the fibrous band and postoperative fulltime bracing, with a 7-year follow-up. We recommend a high index of suspicion in any unusual presentation of CKS and insist on case by case management in such cases.
