Trapping Microparticles in a Structured Dark Focus.

We experimentally demonstrate stable trapping and controlled manipulation of silica microspheres in a structured optical beam consisting of a dark focus surrounded by light in all directions-the dark focus tweezer. Results from power spectrum and potential analysis demonstrate the nonharmonicity of the trapping potential landscape, which is reconstructed from experimental data in agreement to Lorentz-Mie numerical simulations. Applications of the dark tweezer in levitated optomechanics and biophysics are discussed.

[Preventive and pre-emptive concepts in the acute hospital]. / Präventive und präemptive Konzepte im Akutkrankenhaus.

This study aimed at developing an efficient pain therapy with preventive conceptions for the clinical routine. Since 30-75% of all patients suffer from unbearably strong pain. Before establishing an efficient treatment, 100 patients were asked about efficiency of pain treatment. After establishing the actual state of matters, all medical collaborators and nursing personnel were trained an improved pain management. Afterwards, another 100 patients were questioned for comparison. The results showed significant improvements in the reduction of pain intensity and frequency. Higher satisfaction and efficiency of pain treatment were documented as well as the reduction of accompanying vegetative symptoms.

[The effect of sodium oxybutyrate on various regulatory mechanisms of pulmonary hemodynamics in experimental tuberculosis in dogs]. / Vliianie natriia oksibutirata na nekotorye reguliatornye mekhanizmy legochnoi gemodinamiki pri éksperimental'nom tuberkuleze u sobak.

The role of cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins E1 and F2 alpha in pulmonary hypertension formation was elucidated in experimental tuberculosis in dogs and the mechanism of a hypotensive action of sodium oxybutyrate specified with consideration of its influence on the non-gas exchange pulmonary function. The level of the above compounds was studied in the blood taken from the pulmonary artery and aorta in comparison with pulmonary artery pressure prior to and after intravenous injection of sodium oxybutyrate, an antihypoxant. Pulmonary vessel tone was found to depend on the cGMP content and synthesis in the lungs both in health and in tuberculosis and pulmonary hypertension in tuberculosis was associated with a deranged level and correlation of cAMP, cGMP and prostaglandins E1 and F2 alpha in pulmonary circulation. It has been demonstrated that the hypotensive effect of sodium oxybutyrate is associated with its influence on these biochemical parameters in plasma.

[Mechanism of the hypotensive effect of sodium oxybutyrate in pulmonary hypertension in experimental tuberculosis in dogs]. / O mekhanizme gipotenzivnogo deistviia oksibutirata natriia pri legochnoi gipertenzii u zarazhennykh tuberkulezom sobak.

The mechanism of sodium oxybutyrate effect on the lung vessels under normal conditions and under conditions of experimental tuberculosis in dogs was studied by the time course of pressure in the pulmonary artery and the content of serotonin, histamine and adenosine in blood of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the drug intravenous administration. To confirm the antihypoxic effect of sodium oxybutyrate, the levels of lactate, pyruvate, ATP, ADP and AMP were investigated. The levels of adenosine were judged indirectly by the activity of 5-nucleotidase, adenosine desaminase and AMP. It was shown that the decrease in pressure in the pulmonary artery after the use of sodium oxybutyrate was connected with the drug antihypoxic effect which led to lower levels of histamine in the aorta blood under the normal conditions and to higher levels of adenosine under the conditions of tuberculosis.