Do We Vary from Caucasians! Cephalometric Analysis for Orthognathic Surgery in Chhattisgarhi Population.

Aim: The aim of this study is to deduce the cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery in Chhattisgarh population by comparing with the analysis given by Burstone et al. for hard tissue and Legan and Burstone for soft tissue. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 70 subjects (35 male and 35 female) aged between 18 and 25 years having class I malocclusion, acceptable facial profile were recorded and traced for the analysis and interpretation using landmarks and values given by Burstone's analysis were obtained and further comparison was done for the values obtained for the Chhattisgarh population with that of Caucasians. Results: Findings of our study were statistically significant as considerable skeletal differences were found between men and women of Chhattisgarh origin compared to Caucasian origin. Many contrasting findings were discovered in our study group from that of the Caucasian population with respect to the maxillo-mandibular relation, vertical hard tissues parameters. Less differences were found in horizontal hard tissue parameters and dental parameters among the two study populations. Conclusion: The differences found must be kept in consideration during analysis of cephalogram for orthognathic surgeries. Values obtained can be considered to assess deformities and surgical planning to achieve optimal results for Chhattisgarh population. Clinical Significance: The understanding of normal human adult's facial measurements are important to assess craniofacial dimensions and facial deformities and to monitor postoperative results in orthognathic surgeries. Cephalometric norms can be a beneficial abet to clinicians in ascertaining the patient abnormalities. Norms define the ideal cephalometric measurements for patients based on factors such as age, sex, size and race. It has become apparent over years that significant variations do occur among and between the individuals of different racial origins.

Role of Serratiopeptidase and Dexamethasone in the Control of Postoperative Swelling.

AIM: The present study is designed to evaluate and compare the ability of serratiopeptidase and dexamethasone to control edema following the surgical removal of mandibular third molar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two drugs, dexamethasone and serratiopeptidase, were compared for its efficacy in reducing the postoperative swelling. A total of 100 patients requiring the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar were randomly divided into two groups, consisting of 50 patients each. One group was administered 1 mg dexamethasone, one-half h preoperatively and every 8th hourly for 3 days postoperatively. The other group was given 10 mg serratiopeptidase every 8th hourly for 3 days postoperatively. The swelling was measured on 1st, 2nd, 5th, and 7th postoperative days. The results of this study showed that serratiopeptidase was effective in reducing swelling from 2nd to 5th postoperative day, and dexamethasone was effective in reducing swelling from 1st to 2nd postoperative day, further, it also reduced the swelling from 2nd to 5th postoperative day. RESULTS: There was highly significant difference in the facial measurement between serratiopeptidase and dexamethasone group on postoperative day 2 (the mean difference was 62.5 with P < 0.001) and statistically significant difference on postoperative day 1, day 5, and day 7 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that serratiopeptidase, a proteolytic enzyme and dexamethasone, a long-acting corticosteroid was effective in reducing the swelling, but dexamethasone was more effective than serratiopeptidase in reducing the swelling.

Clonidine: An Adjuvant to Adrenaline in Local Anesthesia for Third Molar Surgery.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of anesthesia and hemodynamic parameters of clonidine and epinephrine in lignocaine for lower third molar surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty healthy controls with impacted mandibular third molar were randomly selected from both sexes between the age group of 20-47 years. Patients were divided equally into two groups: Group I (Adrenaline group) and Group II (Clonidine group). Patients received 2.5 ml of 2% lignocaine with adrenaline (12.5 µg/ml) in Adrenaline group and 2.5 ml of 2% lignocaine with clonidine (15 µg/ml) in Clonidine group. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], and mean arterial pressure [MAP]) were recorded preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. The onset of anesthesia and duration of anesthesia were recorded using pinprick test for both groups. Postoperatively, patients were evaluated for pain experience by the visual analog scale and verbal rating scale. RESULTS: Lignocaine with clonidine intraoperatively and postoperatively decreases SBP and DBP and MAP compared to lignocaine with adrenaline. There was no significant difference in the onset and duration of anesthesia in both the groups. There was a statistically significant difference seen in the visual analog scale, but no statistically significant difference was seen in the verbal rating scale. CONCLUSION: Clonidine has similar efficacy as that of adrenaline with better hemodynamic parameters and can be used as an alternative to adrenaline for third molar surgeries.