[Diabetes insipidus as the first cause of myelodysplastic syndrome]. / Diabetes insipidus ako prvý prejav myelodysplastického syndromu.

The concurrent occurrence of myelodysplastic syndrome and diabetes insipidus is very rare. In the available literature so far only three cases were described. In acute leukaemia the concurrence of the two diseases is rare. The authors describe two cases of concurrent diabetes insipidus and myelodysplastic syndrome with typical clinical and laboratory symptoms. A 27-year-old man with refractory anaemia (according to the FAB classification of myelodysplastic syndrome) died after 10 months from complications of acute leukaemia. In a 58-year-old female patients with refractory anaemia after two years remission the condition deteriorated and developed into RASEB (refractory anaemia with excess of blast cells) according to the FAB classification with partial remission of the disease after cytostatic treatment. During permanent substitution treatment (Adiuretin Spofa) diabetes insipidus was compensated in both diseases.

[Do oral contraceptives increase the risk of developing cholelithiasis?]. / Zvysujú perorálne kontraceptíva riziko vzniku cholelitiáz?

PIP: 106 IUD user, parous women (1.9-2.2 births) with an average age of 29.8 years and findings of triglyceridemia of 1.65 mmol/1 and cholesterolemia of 5.9 mmol/1 were studied. The control group consisted of 114 parous women (2.1 children) nonusers with an average age of 26.7 years and findings of triglyceridemia of 1.72 mmol/1 and cholesterolemia of 6 mmol/1. The IUD users were divided into 4 groups according to duration of use: 1-12 months, 13-24 months, 23-36 months, and 36 months. 45 women used Norbiogest, 34 used Neogest, 19 used Ovidon, 26 used Yermonil, 15 used Biogest, and 3 used Nonovlon. The incidence of cholelithiasis, measured by the 3.5 mHZ linear cholecystic sound of the SAL-22A ultrasonographic device made by Toshiba, was 13.2% in 106 IUD users vs. 10.5% in 114 nonusers, a finding without statistical significance. The rate of cholelithiasis was 20% in those who used IUDs for 36 months (average of 51 months) which was statistically significant when compared to the first group (10.9% rate) or controls (10.5%). The rate of longterm IUD users was similar to those who had had 3 pregnancies in their anamnesis (21.5%). Prolonged use of IUDs exceeding 3 years was associated with increased risk of developing cholelithiasis, but the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were not different in the 2 groups. The following risk factors of the disease have to be considered for judging pathogenic potential: family history, prior birth, and obesity.^ieng