Family therapy in poorly controlled juvenile IDDM: effects on diabetic control, self-evaluation and behavioural symptoms.

Diabetic control, behavioural symptoms and self-evaluation were assessed in 25 children with IDDM who were in poor metabolic control (P group), before and subsequent to one of two treatment conditions: family therapy and conventional treatment (C). In addition, data were collected from 12 patients in optimal control (O group). Prior to treatment the patients in poor control were rated higher than those in the O group for symptoms indicating somatization and internalization of conflict and showed a gloomier self-image. The O group patients had fewer behavioural symptoms and a more positive self-image than non-diabetic reference groups. Diabetic control improved after family therapy only. Furthermore, the family therapy group improved on a combined measure of behavioural symptoms and one aspect of self-evaluation (relations to parents and family). The results suggest that IDDM may either interfere with or foster the child's development towards autonomy, depending on family interaction patterns which affect the child's behaviour and self-esteem. Family therapy is a treatment option which can mediate improved diabetic control by changing family relationships to allow for a better balance between parental and self-care of the child with poorly controlled IDDM.

The clinical relevance of salivary amylase monitoring in bulimia nervosa.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of amylase level monitoring as an objective measure in diagnosis and assessment of treatment response in bulimia nervosa. Thirty-three subjects who fulfilled DSM-111-R criteria for bulimia nervosa had serum levels of total and salivary amylase monitored during an 8-week treatment trial. At the beginning of treatment, the average total amylase level was within the upper limits of normal, whereas average salivary amylase levels were abnormally high. During the course of treatment, there was a significant reduction in the average salivary isoenzyme to within the normal range. Significant reductions in amylase levels were recorded in patients with good treatment outcome, but not in those with poor outcome. Amylase levels were not significantly correlated with severity of bulimic symptoms. These results do not justify the use of amylase assays as a routine diagnostic or monitoring test, but isoenzyme monitoring may provide useful clinical information in selected cases.