[Dobutamine stress-echocardiography in prognostication of risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans with forthcoming surgery on the aorta and large arteries].

Aim of the study was to analyze efficacy of the use of stress echocardiography for assessment of degree of risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans of the aorta and large arteries of lower extremities scheduled for surgery. Dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography was carried out in 123 patients (119 men and 4 women, age from 40 to 78 years, mean age 62 +/- 7.3 years). Overall 97 operative interventions were performed in 89 patients (72.3%). There were no significant differences between groups with positive and negative dobutamine stress test result in number and structure of operations. Post operative cardiovascular complications were noted in 6 of 89 patients (6.7%): 3 patients had unstable angina, 1 - myocardial infarction, and 2 patients died during 24 hours after surgery because of acute myocardial infarction and acute cardiovascular failure. Cardiovascular complications were more often registered among patients with positive compared with patients with negative result of stress echocardiography with dobutamine (16.7 and 1.7%, respectively, p < 0.05). Negative predictive power of dobutamine stress echocardiography in relation to development of cardiovascular postoperative complications was 98%.

[Peculiarities of atherosclerotic damage of brachiocephalic arteries in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

The state of vascular bed of brachiocephalic arteries was studied by the method of color duplex scanning in 250 patients (116 men and 134 women) with atherosclerosis of various vascular basins which in 62 of them took place at the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Two hundred five patients had atherosclerosis of brachiocephalic arteries, 45 patients without atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries comprised control group. Mean age of patients was 65.3 +/- 7.6 years. A correlation was revealed between parameters of carotid artery stenosis and age of patients, level of arterial pressure, blood plasma concentration of total cholesterol. Degree of interrelation of these parameters was closer in patients with type 2 DM. Among patients with IHD with class I-III effort angina severity of carotid artery stenoses increased with elevation of functional class of angina. This dependence was most pronounced in patients with type 2 DM. Unstable and calcinated plaques were significantly more frequent in patients with type 2 DM than in patients without DM.

[A trial of the efficacy of using the synthetic antioxidant dibunol in the chemotherapy of experimental tumors]. / Opyt éffektivnosti primeneniia sinteticheskogo antioksidanta dibunola pri khimioterapii éksperimental'nykh opukholei.

We studied the therapeutic efficiency of the synthetic antioxidant Dibunol alone and in combination with cytostatic drugs on animals with experimental tumors after simultaneous and successive administration. Introduction of Dibunol to animals (tumor carriers) soon after the transplantation of tumor cells had adverse consequences, stimulated tumor growth and reduced the life span of animals. Dibunol exerted a therapeutic effect only in cases of developed tumors. Simultaneous introduction of cytostatic drugs (cyclophosphamide, dimethylnitrosourea, ADEKO) and Dibunol to tumor carriers was efficient and increased the mean life span of animals. The antitumor effect of the cyclophosphamide-Dibunol combination did not, in practice, depend on the interval between introductions of these drugs. However, the mean life span and survival of animals were somewhat higher the intervals between introductions or simultaneous application of the drugs were short.

[A morphofunctional evaluation of the immunomodulating action of nitrosomethylurea]. / Morfofunktsional'naia otsenka immunomoduliruiushchego deistviia nitrozometilmocheviny.

The thymuses and spleens from healthy and tumor-bearing (leukemia P 388 and Lewis' carcinoma) were morphometrically studied after a single administration of the antitumor agent nitrosomethylurea in doses of 96 and 4 mg/kg. When used both in the high and low doses, nitrosomethylurea had an immunomodulating effect, causing the activation of cell-mediated immunity in healthy and tumor-bearing (in early malignancy) animals when given in the small dose.

[The sensitivity of tumor cells to low doses of antitumor preparations]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' opukholevykh kletok k nizkim dozam protivoopukholevykh preparatov.

The anticancer activity of water solutions of nitrosomethylurea, adriblastin and cisplatin at low and extra low concentrations (to 10(-15) M) was studied in the mice with experimentally induced tumor. Single and multiple administration of these drugs at extra low doses changed the life duration. Nitrosomethylurea (10(-15) M) increased the life duration by 20-86%. Nitrosomethylurea at extra low concentrations modifies the organism and tumor sensitivity to subsequent action of a high dose of this drug.

[The late sequelae from the body exposure of healthy animals to a superlow dose of nitrosomethylurea]. / Otdalennye posledstviia vozdeistviia na organizm zdorovykh zhivotnykh sverkhmaloi dozy nitrozometilmocheviny.

Time-related changes in essential internal organs (spleen, thymus, liver, kidney, and lung) and peripheral blood cells (leucocytes and large granular lymphocytes) were studied in healthy mice for 50 days after a single injection of 10(-15) M water solution of nitrosomethylurea. Mass and cellularity fluctuations were induced. The longest fluctuation period was 45 days (for the lung) and the shortest one was 15-20 days (for the liver and blood cells). Possible consequences of treatment with extra low doses of the biologically active drug for the organism are discussed.

[The intensity of intratumor infiltration with polymorphonuclear neutrophils in different stages of the development of Lewis' carcinoma. The effect of the surgical removal of the primary node]. / Intensivnost' vnutriopukholevoi infil'tratsii segmentoiadernymi neitrofilami na raznykh étapakh razvitiia kartsinomy L'iuis. Vliianie operativnogo udaleniia pervichnogo uzla.

The intensity of infiltration of the primary tumour and its lung metastases with granular leucocytes and lymphocytes was studied in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. The content of lymphocytes decreases, while that of granular leucocytes increases with the growth of the primary tumour. The relative content of lymphocytes in metastasis tumours is higher than that of granular leucocytes. The primary tumour surgery causes reliable changes in the intensity of tumour infiltration with these cells, as compared with non-operated animals.

[Changes in the intensity of cell proliferation and spontaneous death in the primary focus and metastases in animals with Lewis' tumor. The effect of the surgical removal of the tumor]. / Izmenenie intensivnosti razmnozheniia i spontannoi gibeli kletok v pervichnom ochage i metastazakh u zhivotnykh s opukhol'iu L'iuis. Vliianie operativnogo udaleniia opukholi.

Changes in proliferation and spontaneous death of the tumor death have been studied during the Lewis carcinoma growth and dissemination after the primary tumor surgery. The slowed down rate of the primary tumour growth was shown to be due to spontaneous death of cells. Lung metastases are characterized by a high proliferative activity of tumour cells and a low cell loss. The primary tumour surgery stimulates lung metastases via enhanced proliferation of the tumor cells with apoptosis preserved at the same level.

[Changes in the morphology of the thymus and spleen of healthy mice in combined exposure to nitrosomethylurea and immunomodulators]. / Izmenenie morfologii timusa i selezenki zdorovykh myshei pri sochetannom vozdeistvii nitrozometilmocheviny i immunomoduliatorov.

Changes in the histological structure of thymus and spleen, changes in the area of immune organs occupied by T- and B-lymphocytes and their proliferative activity were studied after the separate and combined treatment of the healthy mice with nitrosomethylurea (NMU), thymalin and Reaferon. NMU alone damaged the lymphoid organs with subsequent incomplete restoration of their histological structure due to pronounced sclerosis. The combined use of NMU and of immunomodulators did not change the NMU acute toxicity but reduced its distant effects.

[The effect of cytostatic and immunomodulator therapy on the morphology of the tumor and lymphoid organs and on the count of large granular lymphocytes in the blood of mice with Lewis carcinoma]. / Vliianie terapii tsitostatikami i immunomoduliatorami na morfologiiu opukholi, limfoidnykh organov i soderzhanie bol'shikh granuloarnykh limfotsitov v krovi myshei s kartsinomoi L'iuis.

Effects of separate and combined therapy with nitrosomethylurea (NMU), methotrexate thymalin, and reaferon on tumor, thymus and spleen morphology as well as the content of large granular lymphocytes in blood were studied in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. The study revealed different effects of methotrexate and NMU on tumor and lymphoid organs. The direct NMU damage to tumor was accompanied by a suppression of host immune system which was only slightly reversed with immunomodulators. The cytotoxic antitumor effect of methotrexate was probably related also with the stimulation of host immune system, its cells in turn affecting the size of proliferating tumor fraction.

[Changes in the count of large granular lymphocytes in the blood of virtually healthy persons depending on sex and age]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia bol'shikh granuliarnykh limfotsitov v krovi prakticheski zdorovykh liudei v zavisimosti ot pola i vozrasta.

The maintenance of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) in peripheral blood of 30 healthy donors has been studied. The mean value was 5.5 +/- 0.4% spreading from 2.4% to 10%. Healthy men had a higher level of LGL maintenance than healthy women (5.8 +/- 0.4% vs 3.6 +/- 0.7% respectively). It was found that the amount of LGL in male peripheral blood increased with age while the parameter spread decreased.

[The effect of therapy with cytostatics and immunomodulators on mitotic pathology in Lewis tumor cells in mice]. / Vliianie terapii tsitostatikami i immunomoduliatorami na patologiiu mitoza v kletkakh opukholi L'iuis myshei.

The effect of cytostatics (methylnitrosourea and methotrexate), immunomodulators (thymalin and reaferon) and their combinations on the mitotic pathology of mice Lewis tumour cells was studied. It was revealed that chemotherapy with these agents changed the interrelation between mitotic phases and somewhat enhanced the incidence of pathologic mitoses mainly connected with the damage of mitotic apparatus. Immunomodulators differently affected the cytostatic activity of antitumour agents that may be associated with their mechanisms of action.

[The action of low doses of nitrosomethylurea on a stationary cell population. An experiment and modelling]. / Deistvie malykh doz nitrozometilmocheviny na statsionarnuiu kletochnuiu populiatsiiu. Eksperiment i modelirovanie.

The change of stationary cell population (murine spleen) following an exposure to low doses of methylnitrosourea (10(-11)-10(-5) g/kg of mouse weight) was investigated and modelled mathematically. The suggested model is based on the idea that the effect of cytotoxic agent in low doses has nondestructive "signal" character, changing dynamic balance between cells in proliferating and quiescent compartments.

[The effect of thymalin on the count of large granular lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of mice with leukemia P388]. / Vliianie timalina na soderzhanie bol'shikh granuliarnykh limfotsitov v perifericheskoi krovi myshei s leikozom P388.

Effect of thymaline injections on peripheral blood natural killer cells in mice with p388 leukemia has been studied. The content of natural killers that have been identified as large granular lymphocytes decreased in blood of leukemia mice. Multiple thymaline injections (0.66 mg/kg) maintain the numbers of the lymphocytes at the level of control animals but did not increase the life span of leukemia mice.

[Growth and proliferation stimulating effect of extremely small doses of nitrosomethylurea]. / Stimuliruiushchee rost i proliferatsiiu deistvie sverkhmalykh doz nitrozometilmocheviny.

The increase to 30-50% of spleen weight of intact and with La leukemia C57Bl/6 mice after 5 days i.p. anticancer drug nitrosomethylurea (10(-3)-10(-8) g/kg) injection was observed. The reaction of intact spleen was more expressed than that of leukemic spleen. The growth-stimulating effect of nitrosomethylurea supersmall doses was accompanied with perturbation in 3H-thymidine cell incorporation, that assume a certain change in cell proliferation.

[Comparative study of the cytotoxic effects of anthracycline antibiotics on heterotransplants of human breast cancer cultivated in diffusion chambers in vivo]. / Sravnite'lnoe izuchenie tsitotoksicheskogo deistviia antratsikli- novykh antibiotikov na geterotransplantaty raka molochnoi zhelezy cheloveka, ku'ltviruemye v diffuzionnykh kamerakh in vivo.

Cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin, daunomycin, carminomycin and ruboxyl against 50 human breast cancer heterotransplants in diffusion chambers was studied. The effect was estimated autoradiographically on the 6th or the 7th day of the cultivation after the drug administration in the maximum tolerance doses. The tumors were considered sensitive when the labeling index of their transplants after the treatment appeared to be reduced by 50 or less per cent against the control. The number of the tumors sensitive to all the drugs amounted to 72-80 per cent. 19 tumors were sensitive to 4 antibiotics. 14 and 8 tumors were sensitive to 3 and 2 antibiotics, respectively, and only 1 tumor was sensitive to 1 drug. The sensitivity significantly correlated with the initial labeling index of the primary tumors and their heterotransplants. The results suggested that daunomycin and ruboxyl possessed a high cytotoxic activity close to that of doxorubicin and carminomycin and might be recommended for clinical trials in the treatment of patients with breast cancer.

[Effect of anthracycline antibiotics on the cellular proliferation of human breast cancer heterografts growing in diffusion chambers in vivo]. / Vliianie antratsiklinovykh antibiotikov na kletochnuiu proliferatsiiu geterotransplantatov raka molochnoi zhelezy cheloveka, rastushchikhh v diffuzionnykh kamerakh in vivo.

A comparative study of an effect of four anthracycline antibiotics on cell proliferation has been studied. All the four drugs exert significant inhibitory influence on cell proliferation. The data obtained do not explain different sensitivity of breast cancer tissues to these antibiotics in clinical practice.

[Antiulcer activity of dibunol in experimental stomach and duodenal ulcers]. / Protivoiazvennaia aktivnost' dibunola pri éksperimental'nykh iazvakh zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

The antiulcer effect of two medicinal forms (oil solution, liniment) of dibunol in rats with different models of the stomach and duodenum ulcers was studied. The therapeutic activity of dibunol was evaluated by determining the index of ulcer formation as well as during the morphological and histochemical studies. The two medicinal forms of dibunol possessed equal antiulcer activity by all studied criteria. One should note a characteristic property of dibunol--its ability to produce pronounced epithelialization of ulceroerosive and ulceronecrotic lesions of the mucosa without rough scarring.