Both apolipoproteins B-48 and B-100 are synthesized and secreted by the human intestine.

Apolipoprotein B (apoB), an apolipoprotein associated with very low density lipoproteins and the atherogenic low density lipoproteins (LDL), directs the metabolism of lipoprotein particles in plasma by interacting with the LDL receptor. Utilizing human intestinal biopsy organ cultures, we have studied the synthesis of intestinal apoB in man. Intestinal organ cultures from normal adults (n = 6) were incubated in the presence of protease inhibitors in media supplemented with [35S]methionine. Media from these cultures were evaluated by sequential NaDodSO4 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, radioautography, and Western blot analyses, and intestinal biopsies were studied using immunohistochemistry. The relative abundance of apoB-100 and apoB-48 mRNA was assessed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction followed by primer extension. Although apoB-48 was the principal isoprotein that was newly synthesized by intestinal organ cultures, apoB-100 was also synthesized and secreted by human intestinal organ cultures with 16 +/- 3% of the intestinal apoB mRNA coding for apoB-100. These results establish that apoB-100 is produced by the human intestine. The synthesis of the atherogenic apoB-100 by the intestine has pathophysiologic implications for the development of diet-induced atherosclerosis.

[A method for obtaining a long-lived intestinal tissue culture]. / K metodike polucheniia dolgozhivushchei intestinal'noi kul'tury tkani.

The interest in the studies of the intestines using the method of tissue organ culture has considerably grown in recent years. It can be explained by the great possibilities of obtaining unique data about the state of intestines in normal and pathological condition, e.g. malabsorption syndrome. The paper deals with the method modified by the authors to obtain long-living (24 hours) intestinal tissue organ culture. The investigations used bioptic sections which were obtained by jejunoscopy with spot biopsy of children suffering from intestinal malabsorption. The viability of the explants was proved by histological and histochemical tests. The promise held by the methods is emphasized.

[Clinico-endoscopic characteristics and laboratory diagnosis of chronic Campylobacter gastritis in childhood]. / Kliniko-éndoskopicheskie osobennosti i laboratornaia diagnostika khronicheskogo kampilobakterioznogo gastrita v detskom vozraste.

Altogether 31 children with chronic gastritis were examined. Three diagnostic tests were employed for detecting Campylobacter pylori. The clinical signs of the disease and the endoscopic features of the gastric mucosa are described.

[Clinico-laboratory parallels in children with aggravated heredity of cholelithiasis]. / Kliniko-laboratornye paralleli u detei s otiagoshchennoi nasledstvennost'iu po zhelchnokamennoi bolezni.

A comprehensive examination of children with aggravated heredity regarding cholelithiasis revealed in the majority of them the first stage of cholelithiasis, namely abnormalities in physicochemical properties of the bile. It is demonstrated that formation of the pathology under consideration is promoted by combination of such factors as hereditary aggravation regarding cholelithiasis, complications of the perinatal period, vegetative disturbance, biliary dyskinesia, and derangement of the intestinal flora.

Cholesterol synthesis in the small intestine of patients with malabsorption syndrome.

Cholesterol synthesis was studied in intestinal biopsies obtained from children with different forms of malabsorption syndrome. It was demonstrated that intestinal cholesterol synthesis is enhanced in celiac disease and several other forms of malabsorption syndrome. Mevinolin inhibited intestinal cholesterol synthesis in all groups of patients. No correlation was found between cholesterol synthesis and age and sex of the patients, clinical manifestation of the disease and plasma cholesterol level.

[Morphological changes in the jejunal mucosa in vitamin D-resistant rickets]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia slizistoi obolochki toshchei kishki pri vitamin D-rezistentnom rakhite.

Sixteen children with vitamin-D deficiency underwent jejunoscopy with spot jejunal biopsy. Morphologic evaluation of the biopsy specimens provided evidence for glycocalyx destruction and malabsorption syndrome. Hyperactivity of hydrolytic enzymes may be concerned with the adjustment to a disturbance of the calcium/phosphorus metabolism.