RESUMO
The HER2 gene is a biomarker for breast cancer prognosis and treatment. Overexpression of HER2 protein determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or amplification of the HER2 gene determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a condition for qualifying patients for anti-HER2 therapy. Due to the high toxicity of anti-HER2 treatment, proper patient selection is essential. In our study we compared 40 cases with IHC staining of HER2 antibody determined by Ventana PATHWAY anti-HER2/neu antibody (4B5) as HER2 2+ with the new antibody (HercepTest™ mAb PharmDx [Dako Omnis] [GE001]). Then using a double-blind study we compared the (IHC) evaluation with FISH results. In 65% of cases (26/40) the IHC 2+ score remained unchanged, in 32.5% of cases (13/40) expression of HER2 protein after IHC with new antibody was indicated as 3+ score, and in one case we observed a decrease of HER2 protein expression to 1+. In all cases but one, in which we found IHC HER 3+ with new antibody, there was FISH amplification. We have reason to believe that the new antibody will reduce the diagnostic time and avoid unnecessary costs. Due to the small study group, further investigation is needed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Feminino , Humanos , Mama , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Método Duplo-CegoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Twenty-five - fifty percent of skin melanomas arise from nevi. Melanocyte proliferation is activated by BRAFV600E, then is arrested, but single nevi transform to melanomas. p16 controls arrest, and p16 loss may promote transformation. AIM: To analyze BRAFV600E, p16 expression and melanocyte proliferation in dermal, compound and dysplastic nevi, cells of primary and metastatic melanoma in the Polish population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty-two nevi (dermal, compound, dysplastic) and 41 melanomas (in situ, primary, metastatic) were studied. BRAF was assessed by cobas® 4800 BRAFV600 Mutation Test, High Resolution Melting Assay validated with: pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry. p16 and Ki67 expression was analyzed by IHC. RESULTS: Eighty-two percent of nevi and 57% of melanomas display BRAFV600E expression. Most dermal and compound nevi had > 50% of p16(+) cells. BRAFV600E dysplastic nevi had a low number of p16(+) cells. Nevi without BRAFV600E (WT), had 90% of cells p16(+). In 60% of in situ and primary melanomas, there was a low number of cells of p16(+). Fifty percent of WT metastatic melanoma and 33% of BRAFV600E showed a high level of p16. The number of Ki67(+) cells in dysplastic nevi was very low. In 25% of BRAFV600E melanomas in situ and 55% of WT, > 10% cells were Ki67(+). All BRAFV600E primary melanomas and 66% of WT had > 10% Ki67(+) cells. Twenty percent of BRAFV600E and WT metastases had > 10% of Ki67(+), however, 62% of BRAFV600E and 32% of WT samples had > 50% of Ki67(+) cells. CONCLUSIONS: BRAFV600E and p16 are more frequent in nevi than in melanoma in vivo. A significantly higher p16 expression was observed in mutated nevi than in WT, while in melanoma it was just the opposite. The proliferation rate of melanoma cells negatively correlated with p16 expression.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents continues to increase. Treatment of obesity includes reducing caloric intake through limitation of fat and simple carbohydrate intake supply in meals. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to assess dietary intakes of overweight and obese adolescents before and after the introduction of dietetic recommendations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants included 26 overweight and obese 13-19 year old adolescents. They used the reducing diet for 3 months. Dietary intakes were assessed using 3-day dietary recalls administered before and after the introduction of dietetic recommendations. The energy value and content of nutritive components in meals of adolescents were calculated by the Nutritionist IV computer program with Polish data base. RESULTS: After introduction of dietetic recommendations in obese adolescents statistically significant reduction of total fat intake (22.4%), saturated fatty acids intake (23.9%) and cholesterol intake (25.9%) was observed. However, it was accompanied by a significant reduction of mono- (23.6%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (18.9%) intake. CONCLUSIONS: Introduction of the dietetic recommendations in overweight and obese adolescents is able to change their dietary habits in generally favourable manner. However, reducing diet in adolescents needs to be supervised due to the risk of deficiency of some nutrients in their food and possible negative effect on health.
