White yellow virescent pattern in winter rye: inheritance, plant growth, and ultrastructure of plastids.

Inbred lines from different varieties of cultivated plants characterized by a white yellow irregular pattern on the leaves obtained after selection in the inbred generation (S3) of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) were the object of the present studies. The feature of a white yellow irregular pattern in all lines was monomeric and recessive. This trait in L158b, wch, and zp was determined by the same recessive gene marked with the symbol wyv1, "white yellow virescent." The gene responsible for the appearance of the above feature in line L24 was nonallelic to the gene wyv1, therefore it was designated as the sequent gene of the same series--wyv2. The studied forms of plants were characterized by a diminution in the number of plastids and in chlorophyll (a plus b) content in mesophyll cells of leaves. Contrary to typical ultrastructure of chloroplasts in dark green plants (control), plastids in lines with the white yellow virescent pattern on the leaves showed variations in ultrastructure from numerous granal and intergranal thylakoids to a reduced number.

Changes of physical and chemical properties and of histological structure of meat subjected to massage under vacuum.

Differences were found in a number of attributes (pH value, changes in volume and linear dimensions, cooking loss, tenderness and water-holding capacity) between porcine muscles subjected to vacuum massage and those in non-massaged controls. Histologically there were changes in the structure of massaged muscles. The content of connective tissue in massaged meat appears to influence water-holding capacity and cooking loss to some extent.