[Synthesis of arachidonic acid cascade eicosanoids in tumors of various histogenesis in mice]. / Sintez éikozanoidov kaskada arakhidonovoi kisloty v opukholiakh raznogo gistogeneza u myshei.

The investigation was undertaken to characterize the profile of arachidonic acid metabolites in different spontaneous and transplantable tumors in mice. The five metabolites via the cyclooxygenase pathway (PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, TxB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha), as well as the three lipoxygenase products (5-HETE, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE) were monitored by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography after "ex vivo" metabolism of exogenous [1-C14]-arachidonic acid by homogenates of tumor tissues. It was shown that all tumors had a unique profile of eicosanoids. The most cyclooxygenase activity along with the significant synthesis of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was noted in lung tumors. The antitumor effect of indomethacin was directly related to the ability of tumors to produce PGE2. On the other hand, there were varying lipoxygenase activities in tumors. In some cases, the extremely high levels of 15- and 12-HETE synthesis in neoplastic tissue could indicate that there was a basic possibility of using lipoxygenase inhibitors for suppressing malignant tumors.

[Transient psychogenic psychoses in servicemen]. / Tranzitornye psikhogennye psikhozy u voennosluzhashchikh.

To specify the clinical picture, criteria for differential diagnosis and for medicolegal estimation of transitory psychogenic psychoses, 26 servicemen admitted irresponsible in respect to the actions committed in a state of psychosis were examined. Responsible servicemen who committed crimes in a state of physiological affect (n-26) or at the moment of acute situational personality reactions (n-26) were examined as reference groups. It has been established that transitory psychogenic psychoses occurred in servicemen with a definite personality and mental disposition (inhibited pathocharacteristic features and phenomena of residual organic brain injury) in a chronic (from 3 to 12 months) psychotraumatizing situation of permanent ill treatment and humiliation, causing long sleep deprivation. 3 stages were distinguished in the development of psychosis: stage I (preneurotic) was partial mental disadaptation; stage II (neurotic) involved further development of the phenomena of partial disadaptation and was characterized by well-defined asthenoneurotic and depressive dysphoric syndromes and not infrequently by syndromes of autistic aggressive fantasies; stage III was complete mental disadaptation marked only by transitory psychoses. The latter stage was short-lived (commonly lasting several hours), characterized by psychotic depth and by unmarked phenomena of agitated depression and pathological interpretations. Psychogenic psychosis that occurred in the presence of the above symptoms manifested, as a rule, by a depressive raptus with severe psychomotor excitation, vital melancholy, fragmentary hyperquantivalent depressive delirium, and phenomena of deep depersonalization and derealization.

[Psychopathologic complex symptoms in disorders of cognitive activity in mental diseases: factor structure and diagnostic informative value]. / Patopsikhologicheskie simptomokompleksy narushenii poznavate'lnoi deiate'lnosti pri psikhicheskikh zabolevaniiakh: faktornaia struktura i diagnosticheskaia informativnost.

Mathematical-+-statistical analysis of experimental psychological investigation of 150 schizophrenic patients, patients with organic brain diseases and psychopathology revealed the contents of psychopathological syndromes of disturbances in cognitive activity in these diseases. Their factor structure was determined as well. Organic psychopathological complex of signs was determined by a "reduction" of all mental functions, the schizophrenic one by mental "dissociation", and psychopathic one by a lability and deficiency in structuring the sphere of meaning. The tables were designed in order to evaluate the data of experimental psychological investigation in clinical differential diagnosis. The efficiency of the tables was demonstrated.

[Nature of the modifying action of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of transplantable tumors of different types]. / Kharakter modifitsiruiushchego deistvie polinenasyshchennykh zhirnykh kislot na rost perevivaemykh opukholei raznogo tipa.

Modification effect of sodium salts and ethers of linolenic, arachidonic and alpha-linolenic acids on the growth of transplantable mouse tumors was examined. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) enhanced the growth of mammary adenocarcinoma Ca-755, whereas the opposite effect was observed in mice with leukemia L-1210 and sarcoma 180. No differences in the growth of melanoma B-16 and Lewis lung carcinoma were noted in control and experimental animals. Modification effect of PUFA was significantly suppressed by prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin and to a lesser extent by antioxidant alpha-tocopherol.

[The role of eicosanoids in malignant growth processes]. / Rol' éiikozanoidov v protsessakh zlokachestvennogo rosta.

The role of polyunsaturated metabolites of fatty acids in carcinogenesis is discussed. The analysis of modern data demonstrates significant changes in biosynthesis and metabolism of prostaglandins in man and animals with different malignant tumours. It is shown that eicosanoids are involved in initiation and promotion of experimental tumours, suppression of antitumour immunity, proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of malignant cells.

[Genetic factor in reactive psychoses (concerning their possible hereditary heterogeneity)]. / Geneticheskii faktor pri reaktivnykh psikhozakh (o vozmozhnoi nasledstvennoi ikh geterogennosti).

The authors analyzed clinical and genealogical findings about the psychopathological aggravation of heredity in patients with reactive psychoses. The data were collected by studying a familial history in an epidemiological forensic-psychiatric sample of psychogenic psychoses. A conclusion is made about genetic heterogeneity of psychogenic paranoids and psychogenic depressions as well as hysterical and endoformic psychogenic psychoses on the whole.

[Psychological mechanisms of thought disorders in psychopathies]. / Psikhologicheskie mekhanizmy narushenii myshleniia pri psikhopatiiakh.

The author studied patho-psychological cognitive disturbances in psychopathic patients. It is hypothesized that psychological mechanisms of cognitive deficit in psychopathic patients include insufficient orderliness and hierarchic instability of semantic formations.

[Regulation of the activity of psychopathic personalities by meaningful (motivational) goals]. / Osobennosti reguliatsii deiatel'nosti psikhopaticheskikh lichnostei smyslovymi (motivatsionnymi ustanovkami).

An experimental-psychological study of the regulation of perceptive activity involved 20 psychopathic patients with excitable and hysteric manifestations and 20 mentally normal subjects. It was established that motivational orientations in normal subjects regulate manifestations of aims and determine such phenomena as "perceptive protection" and "perceptive readiness". In psychopathic patients motivational orientations and aims of activity function automatically and the activity of recognition is not regulated by orientations related to motives of activity. The results obtained reflect a poorly formed and unstable hierarchy of motivational formations in excitable and hysteric psychopaths.

[Causes of the pathomorphosis of reactive psychoses]. / O prichinakh patomorfoza reaktivnykh psikhozov.

The results of clinical and epidemiological study of 2 groups of patients (n-982) with reactive psychoses manifested in 1950-1971 showed that one of the most important causes of the pathomorphosis of psychogenic conditions noted in the second decade was socially induced changes in the premorbid background of these patients. The nature and orientation of the action of concrete factors of the pathomorphosis are disclosed.

[Emotional and meaningful regulation of perception in psychopathic personalities of the excitable and hysterical type]. / Emotsional'naia i smyslovaia reguliatsiia vospriiatiia u psikhopaticheskikh lichnostei vozbudimogo i istericheskogo kruga.

An experimental psychological study of the emotional and meaningful perception control involved 83 psychopaths of the excitable and hysterical types and 80 mentally normal test subjects. It has been revealed that unlike normal people, perception in psychopathic personalities is based on a smaller number of emotional-evaluation categories; under emotional stress their perception is more dependent on the subjective significance of the perceived stimuli; the process of perception in such individuals is less hierarchical and structural. The data obtained indicate an inadequately structuralized and unstable hierarchy of meaningful formations in psychopathic patients of the excitable and hysterical types.

[Diagnostic informativeness of various psychopathologic symptom complexes]. / O diagnosticheskoi informativnosti nekotorykh patopsikhologicheskikh simptomokompleksov.

A comparison of clinico-nosological and syndromal psychopathological diagnoses made in 81 patients as a result of follow-up examinations carried out in the periods of repeated forensic psychiatric examinations demonstrated a higher diagnostic reliability of some psychopathological symptom-complexes. It was organic and schizophrenic psychopathological symptom-complexes that were found to be of the greatest diagnostic informative value. These symptom-complexes enabled one to diagnose exactly the nosological nature of the psychic pathology as early, as in the initial period of the disease, or in atypical, clinically altered cases of its course.

[Certain patterns in the effect of premorbid backgrounds on the shape of reactive psychoses]. / O nekotorykh zakonomernostiakh vliianiia premorbidnoi pochvy na formoobrazovanie reaktivnykh psikhozov.

Clinico-statistical analyses of 696 cases with reactive psychoses established that the psychogenic syndromes developing on a pathological background are predilectively formed in a uniform or adjacent to the premorbid psychopathological register. The tendency found is interpreted as signs of general pathological regularities in a reactive type formation. The clinical expression of these regularities is accomplished through the probabilistic preformation by the premorbid pathological background of the depth and quality of a psychogenically changed consciousness of the patients. Affective and personality-catathymic mechanisms are taken as a model in discussing the construction of the clinical picture and pathokinesis of reactive psychoses.

[Pathomorphosis of reactive psychoses]. / O patomorfoze reaktivnykh psikhozov.

Comparative clinicostatistical, epidemiological and catamnestic investigation was carried out in two groups of patients with reactive psychoses (a total of 982 subjects) recorded at medico-legal expert testimony in 1950--1960 (I group) and in 1961--1972 (II group). It was found that in the recent decade reactive psychoses are rarely transformed and course in the presence of less vitalistic affective disorders with a tendency to increasing hysterical symptoms; the relapses are not rather long and severe, and they lead to postreactive psychic changes less frequently. It is suggested that reactive psychoses are subject to essential pathomorphism which has clinical importance and optimistic prognosing.