[Necessity to change the paradigms in radiation hygiene]. / Aktual'nost' smeny paradigm v radiatsionnoi gigiene.

A question has been raised on the necessity to substitute the hypothesis of the biological effectiveness of ionizing irradiations as a paradigm of radiation hygiene for the linear--++non-threshold hypothesis. A comparison of the methodological substantiation fo both hypotheses and a conception of "acceptable risk" has been carried out. It is suggested, that the possibility of theoretical substantiation of setting standards for the radiation factor on the basis of adaptational hypothesis be acknowledge instead of the linear--++non-threshold conception which has lost its historic significance.

[The effect of the spontaneous level of the chromosome aberration rate on its alterations after a single local irradiation]. / Vliianie spontannogo urovnia chastoty khromosomnykh aberratsii na ee izmeneniia posle odnokratnogo lokal'nogo oblucheniia.

With X-ray examinations of the stomach and duodenum, changes in chromosomal aberration frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes were shown to depend on the spontaneous level of these aberrations in patients exposed to a single local irradiation by 25 R. The cytogenetic efficiency of radiation exposure was found to be local in patients with the lower frequency of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations. A genetic genesis of the revealed dependence is supposed. The effect of irradiation on the correlation between radiosensitivity and radioresistance of the cytogenetic process is regarded as a possible mechanism of the appearance of the observed dependence.

[The relationship between the spontaneous frequency of chromosome aberrations and the change in their frequency following mammography]. / Sviaz' mezhdu spontannoi chastotoi khromosomnykh aberratsii i izmeneniem ikh chastoty posle mammografii.

Changes in chromosomal aberration rates, analysed for women 35-60 years of age exposed to 0.5-2 cGy during the mammography, suggested a relationship between the initial rates of chromosomal aberrations and those caused by the procedure. The spontaneous level of cytogenetic changes is assumed to be indicative of the degree of body radiosensitivity.

[Relation of sex and age to frequency of spontaneous chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. I. Age dynamics of the frequency of spontaneous chromosome aberrations and aberrant cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes]. / Vozrastno-polovaia zavisimost' spontannoi chastoty khromosomnykh aberratsii v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi cheloveka. Soobshchenie I. Vozrastnaia dinamika spontannoi chastoty khromosomnykh aberratsii i aberrantnykh kletok v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi.

Spontaneous frequency of chromosome aberrations in 680 individuals of both sex (from newborns to centenariants) has been studied. The age dependence of the frequency of chromosome aberrations has been revealed. The distribution of individuals according to the frequency of their chromosome aberrations corresponds to the Poisson's law. The analysis of the age dynamics of the frequency of chromosome aberrations made it possible to define three age periods. The first period involves the newborns with a high level of chromosome aberrations; the second period--individuals at the age of 1 to 20 years with the lowest level of aberrations; and the third one--individuals over 30 years old with continuous increase in the spontaneous frequency of chromosome aberrations with the age.