[Modern views on the role of X gene of the hepatitis B virus (Hepadnaviridae: Orthohepadnavirus: Hepatitis B virus) in the pathogenesis of the infection it causes].

The review presents information on the role of hepatitis B virus (Hepadnaviridae: Orthohepadnavirus: Hepatitis B virus) (HBV) X gene and the protein it encodes (X protein) in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis B. The evolution of HBV from primordial to the modern version of hepadnaviruses (Hepadnaviridae), is outlined as a process that began about 407 million years ago and continues to the present. The results of scientific works of foreign researchers on the variety of the influence of X protein on the infectious process and its role in the mechanisms of carcinogenesis are summarized. The differences in the effect of the X protein on the course of the disease in patients of different ethnic groups with regard to HBV genotypes are described. The significance of determining the genetic variability of X gene as a fundamental characteristic of the virus that has significance for the assessment of risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) spread among the population of the Russian Federation is discussed.

[Adaptation to physical load and the state of the autonomic nervous system in young women with low blood pressure].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of research--the study of the relationship between adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical activity and the autonomic newous system in young women with low blood pressure. METHODS: Evaluated test Ruffier index Kerdo women-university students aged 18-35 years, engaged in physical culture within the educational process. Compare the 69 women with low blood pressure (SBP 61-99 mmHg) and 35 women with normal blood pressure (SBP 120-129 mmHg). Index Ruffier groups did not differ in average and adequate "good result". In the group of women with low blood pressure showed a reduction in fitness (Ruffier-index of 10 or higher) when sympathetic activation. Reduced recorded in 14.5% (10 cases), which is significantly more than the parasympathetic activation--0 cases when p = 0.003. Analysis of the dynamics of SBP, DBP and heart rate during the Ruffier test showed that low blood pressure after 1 minute rest in SBP and DBP were higher than baseline. CONCLUSIONS: According to the test Ruffier in young women with low blood pressure and sympathicotonia in 14.5% of cases there is a lack of adaptation to physical stress. When low blood pressure with vagotonia --only good and average adaptation to physical stress. Screening test of physical activity in young women with low blood pressure are not quickens the pulse, but leads to a slight increase in SBP and DBP.