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Background: The role of epigenetic modulation in immunity is receiving increased recognition-particularly in the context of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications. Nevertheless, it is still uncertain whether m6A methylation plays a role in the onset and progression of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). This study aimed to establish the function of m6A RNA methylation in IA, as well as its correlation with the immunological microenvironment. Methods: Our study included a total of 97 samples (64 IA, 33 normal) in the training set and 60 samples (44 IA, 16 normal) in the validation set to systematically assess the pattern of RNA modifications mediated by 22 m6A regulators. The effects of m6A modifications on immune microenvironment features, i.e., immune response gene sets, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, and infiltrating immune cells were explored. We employed Lasso, machine learning, and logistic regression for the purpose of identifying an m6A regulator gene signature of IA with external data validation. For the unsupervised clustering analysis of m6A modification patterns in IA, consensus clustering methods were employed. Enrichment analysis was used to assess immune response activity along with other functional pathways. The identification of m6A methylation markers was identified based on a protein-protein interaction network and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Results: We identified an m6A regulator signature of IGFBP2, IGFBP1, IGF2BP2, YTHDF3, ALKBH5, RBM15B, LRPPRC, and ELAVL1, which could easily distinguish individuals with IA from healthy individuals. Unsupervised clustering revealed three m6A modification patterns. Gene enrichment analysis illustrated that the tight junction, p53 pathway, and NOTCH signaling pathway varied significantly in m6A modifier patterns. In addition, the three m6A modification patterns showed significant differences in m6A regulator expression, immune microenvironment, and bio-functional pathways. Furthermore, macrophages, activated T cells, and other immune cells were strongly correlated with m6A regulators. Eight m6A indicators were discovered-each with a statistically significant correlation with IA-suggesting their potential as prognostic biological markers. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that m6A RNA methylation and the immunological microenvironment are both intricately correlated with the onset and progression of IA. The novel insight into patterns of m6A modification offers a foundation for the development of innovative treatment approaches for IA.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum cystatin C and formation of intracranial aneurysms.Methods:Patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms hospitalized in the First People's Hospital of Kashgar from January 2016 to September 2021 were retrospectively enrolled as the case group and patients with trigeminal neuralgia in the same period as the control group. The demographic and clinical data of patients were collected, and the correlation between serum cystatin C and the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms was determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:A total of 114 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms and 142 patients with trigeminal neuralgia were enrolled. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in triglyceride and cystatin C, as well as the proportions of male and hypertensive patients between the case group and the control group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant independent negative correlation between the serum cystatin C and the risk of intracranial aneurysms (odds ratio 0.045, 95% confidence interval 0.011-0.184; P<0.001). Conclusion:Serum cystatin C may be an independent protective factor for the formation of intracranial aneurysms.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and the onset of intracranial aneurysm (IAs).Methods:Patients with IA visited the Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of Kashgar from February 2017 to November 2020 were retrospectively included as a case group, while patients with trigeminal neuralgia visited the hospital at the same time were selected as a control group. Demographic data, vascular risk factors and laboratory findings were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between HHcy and IAs. Results:A total of 150 patients with IA (case group) and 112 patients with trigeminal neuralgia (control group) were included. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, hypertension, drinking, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total Hcy and HHcy between the two groups (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant independent correlation among males (odds ratio [ OR] 0.320, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.167-0.613; P=0.001), hypertension ( OR 4.915, 95% CI 2.674-9.036; P<0.001), triglycerides ( OR 1.342, 95% CI 1.030-1.750; P=0.030), total Hcy ( OR 1.171, 95% CI 1.082-1.268; P<0.001), HHcy ( OR 3.574, 95% CI 1.522-8.391; P=0.003) and IAs. Conclusion:HHcy is an independent risk factor for the increased risk of IAs.
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The therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms include surgical clipping and endovascular embolization. Surgical clipping is still challenging for complex aneurysms with various configurations and complicated vasculatures. Endovascular treatment is risky for aneurysms with tortuous routes that make superselections of microcatheter difficult. Three dimensional(3D) printing technology can replicate aneurysm and its related vessels,then help doctors optimize the surgical or endovascular plan preoperatively and provide guidance intraoperatively, thus might improve treatment effects and reduce complications. The progress of 3D printing technique in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms will be reviewed.
