[Detection of anaerobic processes and microorganisms in immobilized activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant with intense aeration].

Attached activated sludge from the Krasnaya Polyana (Sochi) wastewater treatment plant was studied after the reconstruction by increased aeration and water recycle, as well as by the installation of a bristle carrier for activated sludge immobilization. The activated sludge biofilms developing under conditions of intense aeration were shown to contain both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Activity of a strictly anaerobic methanogenic community was revealed, which degraded organic compounds to methane, further oxidized by aerobic methanotrophs. Volatile fatty acids, the intermediates of anaerobic degradation of complex organic compounds, were used by both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium with nitrite (anammox) and the presence of obligate anammox bacteria were revealed in attached activated sludge biofilms. Simultaneous aerobic and anaerobic degradation of organic contaminants by attached activated sludge provides for high rates of water treatment, stability of the activated sludge under variable environmental conditions, and decreased excess sludge formation.

[Electric motors for partially autonomous and autonomous systems for assisted circulation and the artificial heart]. / Elektricheskie dvigateli dlia chastichno avtonomnykh i avtonomnykh sistem vspomogatel'nogo krovoobrashcheniia i iskusstvennogo serdtsa.

The paper treats of problems relating to the use of different types of motors in autonomous and partially autonomous systems of artificial heart (AH) and auxiliary circulation (AC). Demonstrates that the use of d. c. valve engines (VE) in the drives of the AH and AC systems is highly advisable. Provides the characteristics of the different AH and AC systems with a drive from VE and the technical data on the engines.

[System for indirect determination of cardiac stroke volume by intra-aortic balloon pumping]. / Sistema kosvennogo opredeleniia udarnogo vybrosa serdtsa vnutriaortal'nym nasosom-ballonchikom.

Indirect measurements of the ejection fraction by using an intra-aortic pump-balloon allow the simultaneous assessment of myocardium contractility force and rate. They improve the qualitative evaluation of the cardiac muscle state. Errors in detecting the ejection fraction with the above technique do not exceed 10% when using a specially designed electric driver. The system should be recommended for use in biomedical research as it provides a wide range of output adjustments and high stability.