Estimation of total Length of Femur From Its Fragments in South Indian Population.

INTRODUCTION: Establishment of identity of deceased person also assumes a great medicolegal importance. To establish the identity of a person, stature is one of the criteria. To know stature of individual, length of long bones is needed. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the lengths of the femoral fragments and to compare with the total length of femur in south Indian population, which will help to estimate the stature of the individual using standard regression formulae. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A number of 150, 72 left and 78 right adult fully ossified dry processed femora were taken. The femur bone was divided into five segments by taking predetermined points. Length of five segments and maximum length of femur were measured to the nearest millimeter. The values were obtained in cm [mean±S.D.] and the mean total length of femora on left and right side was measured. The proportion of segments to the total length was also calculated which will help for the stature estimation using standard regression formulae. RESULTS: The mean total length of femora on left side was 43.54 ± 2.7 and on right side it was 43.42 ± 2.4. The measurements of the segments-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 8.06± 0.71, 8.25± 1.24, 10.35 ± 2.21, 13.94 ± 1.93 and 2.77 ± 0.53 on left side and 8.09 ± 0.70, 8.30 ± 1.34, 10.44 ± 1.91, 13.50 ± 1.54 and 3.09 ± 0.41 on right side of femur. CONCLUSION: The sample size was 150, 72 left and 78 right and 'p' value of all the segments was significant (<0.001). When comparison was made between segments of right and left femora, the 'p' value of segment-5 was found to be <0.001. Comparison between different segments of femur showed significance in all the segments.

A radiological study on the trabecular pattern in the upper end of the femur in post-menopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: Anatomically, the upper end of the femur is a common site for osteoporosis. Therefore, The trabecular pattern in the upper end of femur is analyzed on the basis of the presence or absence, the relative number and density of the trabeculae, trabecular group and also by the grading of trabeculae. The present study was undertaken to identify the trabecular pattern in the upper end of the femur radiographically in postmenopausal women and to establish that the changes in the trabecular pattern can be used for the diagnosis and the grading of osteoporosis. While osteoporosis is observed in both elderly men and women, its prevalence is much higher in post-menopausal women. The validated data from this study will be of use to all the clinicians to recognize the trabecular patterns and it will possibly help them in detecting osteoporosis and in limiting its progress in its early stages. METHOD: Two hundred frontal projection pelvis radiographs of women who were between 18-100 years of age were studied during 2006-2007. In this study, an attempt was made to test the presence, pattern and the grading of the trabecular pattern in pre and post-menopausal females and to find out the influence of the post menopausal age on the trabecular patterns. All the readings were tabulated and subjected to analysis. RESULTS: The distribution of the grading of the trabecular pattern in the upper end of the femur on the left and right sides for the severity of osteoporosis showed that as the number of years increased after menopause, the grading progressed from Grade N (Normal) to Grade A to Grade B to Grade C. CONCLUSION: This study will be useful for anatomists, radiologists and clinicians for recognizing the trabecular pattern and it will possibly help them in detecting osteoporosis and in limiting its progress in its early stages.

A right ectopic kidney with bilateral multiple anomalies of the renal vasculature - a case report.

The renal anatomy and its development is complex. This complexity is associated with numerous variations. Each renal variation has its own clinical and surgical importance. There is a good correlation between the ascent of the kidney, the level of its origin and number of the renal arteries. Any anomaly in the renal artery development may be due to a delay in the kidney ascension and it can lead to an ectopic kidney. Ectopic kidneys are more frequent in males and they are observed commonly on the left side. In the present study, we came across a rare case of a unilateral right renal ectopia and bilateral multiple renal arteries, with 5 renal arteries on the right side and 2 on the left side. The renal veins were 3 on the right side and two on the left side, with the retro aortic left renal vein, which were observed during the routine dissection of a male cadaver. This observation would be of immense importance for surgeons, interventional radiologists, nephrologists and vascular surgeons.

Nonrotation of intestine: a case report.

Nonrotation of intestine is a congenital abnormality of the midgut which is due to error in the process of rotation. Errors in the 2nd and 3rd stage of rotation can lead to series of abnormalities in the form of malrotation and reversed rotation. As a consequence, the relative position of other organs likes caecum, intestine, meckel's diverticulum changes. This can lead to missing diagnosis of common clinical conditions such as appendicitis. The incidence of nonrotation is 1:500. The congenital abnormality appears to be rare as this could be an incidental abnormality. The symptoms of nonrotation of intestine could be biliary vomiting, recurrent abdominal pain. This could be due to midgut volvulus and intestinal obstruction which happens as a consequence of nonrotation of the intestine. The investigations used for detection and confirmation are CT Imaging. Other associations of nonrotation of the intestine are peritoneal bands. Here we report a case of nonrotation of intestines. In the cadaver of age around 70 years, the small intestinal loops was situated in the right side of the abdominal cavity and large intestine looped on the left side of the abdominal cavity. This was also associated with aberrant position of the caecum and appendix. There were associated peritoneal bands extending from the ascending colon to the left side the abdominal wall. The bands had been removed to visualize the large intestinal loops.

Palmar dermatoglyphics in carcinoma breast of Indian women.

The present study was planned to assess the relationship of palmar dermatoglyphic patterns of hands in women with breast cancer and or at risk for developing breast cancer. This study was conducted on 100 histopathologically confirmed breast cancer patients in women and their digital dermatoglyphic patterns were studied to assess their association with the type and onset of breast cancer. Simultaneously 100 age-matched controls were also selected with no self or familial history of a diagnosed breast cancer and the observations were recorded. The differences of qualitative (dermatoglyphic patterns) data were tested for their significance using the chi-square test, and Student's t-test was used for quantitative (ridge counts and pattern intensity index) data analysis. The results of the study indicated statistically significant changes in finger ridge count and fingertip pattern in cases of carcinoma breast as compared to the control group. Palmar dermatoglyphics is simple, inexpensive, anatomical and non-invasive and may be used as a reliable indicator for screening of high-risk population in developing country like India, for early detection and early therapy, thus reducing the morbidity and mortality in cases of carcinoma breast.