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1.
Environ Geochem Health ; 45(12): 8953-8966, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37202574

RESUMO

In India, where cereal-based meals make up the majority of the daily diet, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a key grain crop. Micronutrient deficiencies are a result of the lack of a diverse food culture in the nation. Genotypes of bread wheat that have been biofortified might be introduced to address this. It is anticipated that more information on the genotype x year interaction of these nutrients in grain will help us better understand the size of this interaction and perhaps even identify more stable genotypes for this attribute. Year revealed divergent responses to grain iron and zinc. Compared to zinc, iron showed lowest variation across year. Maximum temperature was the major determinant for the four traits. Iron is also significant correlation with zinc. Among the total fifty-two genotype, HP-06, HP-22, HP-24, HP-25, HP-33, HP-44, and HP-45 were found superior for zinc and iron content. These genotypes with high levels of zinc and iron can be used in a hybridization programme to further crop improvement. Wide-scale cultivation of the chosen genotype with high zinc and iron content in the agro-climatic conditions of Jammu will work with the region's current cropping systems.


Assuntos
Estado Nutricional , Oligoelementos , Triticum/genética , Micronutrientes , Zinco , Ferro , Grão Comestível , Genótipo
2.
Plants (Basel) ; 12(1)2022 Dec 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36616215

RESUMO

The tomato is one of the most important vegetables in the world. The demand for tomatoes is high in virtually any country, owing to their gastronomic versatility and nutritional and aromatic value. Drought, salinity, and inadequate temperature can be major factors in diminishing yield, affecting physiological and biochemical processes and altering various metabolic pathways, from the aggregation of low molecular-weight substances to the transcription of specific genes. Various biotechnological tools can be used to alter the tomato genes so that this species can more rapidly or better adapt to abiotic stress. These approaches range from the introgression of genes coding for specific enzymes for mitigating a prevailing stress to genetic modifications that alter specific metabolic pathways to help tomato perceive environmental cues and/or withstand adverse conditions. In recent years, environmental and social concerns and the high complexity of the plant response may increase the attention of applied plant biotechnology toward biomimetic strategies, generally defined as all the approaches that seek to develop more sustainable and acceptable strategies by imitating nature's time-tested solutions. In this review, we provide an overview of some of the genetic sequences and molecules that were the objects of biotechnological intervention in tomato as examples of approaches to achieve tolerance to abiotic factors, improving existing nature-based mechanisms and solutions (biomimetic biotechnological approaches (BBA)). Finally, we discuss implications and perspectives within the GMO debate, proposing that crops modified with BBA should receive less stringent regulation.

3.
J Biosci ; 462021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34148873

RESUMO

Rice grain shape and nutritional quality traits have high economic value for commercial production of rice and largely determine the market price, besides influencing the global food demand for high-quality rice. Detection, mapping and exploitation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with kernel elongation and grain quality in Basmati rice is considered as an efficient strategy for improving the kernel elongation and grain quality trait in rice varieties. Genetic information in rice for most of these traits is scanty and needed interventions through the use of molecular markers. A recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population consisting of 130 lines generated from the cross involving Basmati 370, a superior quality Basmati variety and Pusa Basmati 1121, a Basmati derived variety were used to map the QTLs for 9 important grain quality and yield related traits. Correlation studies showed that various components of yield show a significant positive relationship with grain yield. A genetic map was constructed using 70 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers spanning a genetic distance of 689.3 cM distributed over 12 rice chromosomes. Significant variation was observed and showed transgressive segregation for grain quality traits in RIL population. A total of 20 QTLs were identified associated with nine yield and quality traits. Epistatic interactions were also identified for grain quality related traits indicating complex genetic nature inheritance. Therefore, the identified QTLs and flanking marker information could be utilized in the marker-assisted selection to improve kernel elongation and nutritional grain quality traits in rice varieties.


Assuntos
Grão Comestível/genética , Epistasia Genética , Genoma de Planta , Oryza/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Grão Comestível/anatomia & histologia , Grão Comestível/classificação , Marcadores Genéticos , Endogamia/métodos , Repetições de Microssatélites , Oryza/anatomia & histologia , Oryza/classificação , Fenótipo , Melhoramento Vegetal/métodos , Seleção Genética
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