Osseodensification implant site preparation technique and subsequent implant stability: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare primary and secondary implant stability of conical endosteal implants placed using osseodensification osteotomy and conventional osteotomy techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present invivo study was designed as a prospective, observational study in which a total of 26 endosteal implants were placed in the posterior edentulous regions of upper and lower jaws in 13 patients divided into two groups, Group A and Group B. In Group A, implants were placed using osseodensification osteotomy technique while in Group B, conventional osteotomy technique was used. Primary implant stability was measured in both groups immediately after implant placement while secondary implant stability was measured in both groups at an interval of 4 months. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.00 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) while an independent t-test, also, called Student's t-test was used to conduct the analysis. RESULTS: The mean value of primary implant stability in Group A was found to be 74.5 as against that in Group B which was 62.08 (P-value 0.001). Likewise, the mean value of secondary implant stability in Group A after 4 months' interval was 70.92 while in Group B, it was found to be 63.69 (P-value 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The dental implants placed with the osseodensification technique showed higher mean primary and secondary implant stability values when compared to implants placed by the conventional technique.

D-glucosamine chitosan base molecule-assisted synthesis of different shape and sized silver nanoparticles by a single pot method: A greener approach for sensor and microbial applications.

Silver nanoparticle was synthesized using D-glucosamine chitosan base as green reducing agent at elevated temperature in alkaline pH ranges. The excess of D-glucosamine chitosan base was used as it is both stabilizing and reducing agent at different pHs, regulates the shape and size of the silver nanoparticles. The progressive growth of silver nanoparticles was monitored by UV-Visible spectral studies. A sharp peak at 420 nm indicates the formation of spherical silver nanoparticles. The size and shape of silver nanoparticles were observed from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) methods. The anisotropically grown nanoparticles were used as probe for Surface Enhanced Raman Studies (SERS) using ATP (4-aminothiophenol) as a model system. The catalytic behavior of silver nanoparticles was exploited for 4-nitrophenol reduction and observed that the reduction reaction follows pseudo first order kinetics with a rate constant 0.65 min. The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was also tested for both gram-positive and -negative microorganisms, in which higher zone of inhibition was observed for gram negative microorganism.

Nipah Virus Sequences from Humans and Bats during Nipah Outbreak, Kerala, India, 2018.

We retrieved Nipah virus (NiV) sequences from 4 human and 3 fruit bat (Pteropus medius) samples from a 2018 outbreak in Kerala, India. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that NiV from humans was 96.15% similar to a Bangladesh strain but 99.7%-100% similar to virus from Pteropus spp. bats, indicating bats were the source of the outbreak.

Craniofacial ciliopathies: An expanding oral disease spectrum - a review of literature and a case report.

For all intents and purposes, craniofacial development is initiated as soon as the anteroposterior axis of an embryo is established. Although the neural crest receives a significant amount of attention, craniofacial tissue has more patterning information than other tissues of the body. New studies have further clarifi ed the contribution of ciliary epithelia as a source of patterning information for the face. In this paper, we review the craniofacial anomalies in patients with ciliopathies, in which orofacial region is a pivotal recognition of the disorder. Also, a case report of a patient with suspected ciliopathy has been presented along with a logical approach for diagnosis of such disorders.

Epidemiology and etiology of acute encephalitis syndrome in North India.

Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a major public health problem in eastern Uttar Pradesh, claiming thousands of lives every year. Here we report the common viral etiologic agents of AES and its epidemiology in the vicinity of Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh, North India. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from patients with AES, who were referred to a viral diagnostic laboratory from January 2011 to December 2012, were tested for IgM antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), dengue virus (DV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), measles virus, mumps virus, varicella zoster virus (VZV), and enterovirus using commercial enzyme immuno-assays. Of the 1,578 enrolled patients, JEV was the most commonly detected (16.2%), followed by DV (10.8%), HSV (9.3%), measles virus (8.9%), mumps virus (8.7%), VZV (4.4%), and enterovirus (0%). Co-positivity with more than 1 virus was observed in 12 patients. The demographic distribution of patients pertaining to age, sex, and geographic and seasonal variation is discussed. Maximum mortality was caused by JEV infection, while patients with HSV infection had maximum residual neuro-psychiatric disability. JEV and DV are the chief causative agents of AES in North India, although other viruses should also be considered in a differential diagnosis.

Over-bite and vertical changes following first premolar extraction in high angle cases.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Orthodontists generally agree that nonextraction treatment is associated with downward and backward rotation of the mandible and an increase in the lower anterior face height (LAFH). They also agree that extraction line of treatment is associated with upward and forward rotation of the mandible and decrease in the LAFH. The intent of this cephalometric investigation was to examine the wedge hypothesis, that the vertical dimension collapses after first bicuspid extraction. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cephalometric overbite and vertical changes following first premolar extraction in high angle cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five adult patients having high mandibular plane angle, i.e. Gogn--SN more than or equal to 32° having class I molar and canine relation were included. Pre and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were measured and compared to analyze the cephalometric changes. RESULTS: There was no decrease in the overbite and vertical changes following first premolar extraction in high angle cases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The facial complex does increase in size with growth, but mandibular plane while moving inferiorly, remain essentially parallel to its pretreatment position due to residual growth and treatment mechanics. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that, There was no decrease in the vertical facial dimension, overbite and mandibular plane angle. However, it should be interpreted with caution, given the small sample size.